事件概率

In particular, for recurrent event data, we proposed a novel nonparametric estimator of the survival function and obtained an efficient estimator of the expected total number of events for counting processes. Also we established asymptotic properties of these estimators and investigated nonparametric estimation of survival functions, density functions and hazard functions under various types of incomplete data.

在重复事件发生的情况下，创新地提出了一种生存函数的非参数估计，获得了计数过程中预期事件总数的估计以及这些估计的大样本性质，并在其他各种不完全数据下对生存函数，概率密度和失效率函数等非参数估计进行了深刻研究。

A reasonable warmer winter indexin the framework of the three equiprobability categories(i.e.warmer,normal and colder categories)is proposed based on the winter temperature data observed at 565 stations in China during 1956-2005,where the IWWI is defined as the ratio of the station number of warmer category over the total number of stations.

利用全国565个台站1956-2005年冬季平均温度资料，将多年温度变化划分为偏暖、偏冷和正常三类等概率气候事件，由此给出了一个新的暖冬指数和暖冬的定义。结果表明：暖冬指数与中国冬季温度的变暖趋势相一致，并表现出显著的年代际变化特征，其变率分别为10%/10a和0.4℃/10a。近50a暖冬事件共计发生13次，其中近85%的暖冬发生在1986年以后。

A very small or impossible event can be referred to as "small probability event" according to the probability theory of higher mathematics in c

记得大学时期高等数学概率论课本上把某种极小的可能甚至不可能发生的事件称为"小概率事件"。

The ability of the new modeling method in the description of logic relations and stachastic processes is proved, which indicates that such a kind of systems composed of components and in which any event has distribution parameters independent of system states, while its happening may depend on system states can be modeled by CRM method.

对这种模型方法的逻辑关系和随机过程的描述能力的给予证明，说明了CRM方法可以描述由部件组成，事件的概率分布参数与系统状态无关，事件的发生可以与系统状态有关的可靠性系统； 3。

In the paper, the importance of FTA is described, the quantitative analysis method of the FTA is introduced in detail. Then the paper takes a vehicle control system as the research object, expatiates the forming of the CPU board fault tree, the establishing of the mean event fault tree and the obtaining of the mean event fault probability, and realizes the element level fault orientation on the CPU board of the vehicle control system. The test indicates that the method is both valid and correct.

文章在介绍故障树分析法重要性的基础上，较详细地介绍了FTA的定量分析法，并以某车辆控制系统为研究对象，从CPU板故障树的构建、各中间事件故障树的建立和各子事件故障概率等方面出发，实现了车辆控制系统CPU板元件级的故障定位，实验表明了该方法的有效性和正确性。

This text makes use of the diagram of Venn, changing abstract probability into the direct- viewing diagrams. It is completely to explain how to use the diagram of Venn to show the relation of events and the area of the diagram express event probability.

本文将利用数形结合的思想，把抽象的概念转化为直观的Venn图，并将全面完整地阐述如何利用Venn图表示事件之间的关系，图形的面积表示事件的概率。

To the question of non-Nash equilibrium in prisoners' dilemma, this paper makes an analysis to Game Theory's hypothesis: complete rationality, complete information and probability, and gets a result: systems thinking style in complete rationality, the happen of the event of zero probability, and the uncertainty that is brought out complete information is concordant beliefs, all can bring the appearance of non-Nash equilibrium, and the probability of appearance is decided by the proportion of men who think in systems thinking style.

本文就"囚徒困境"中非纳什均衡出现的，对博弈的前提假设完全理性、完全信息以及概率进行了，得出的结论是：完全理性中的整体思维方式和概率为零的事件的发生以及完全信息等于一致信念时引起的不确定性，都可能导致非纳什均衡出现，而其出现的可能性则取决于采取整体思维方式的人的比例。

This paper presents a reasoning algorithm which contains three new concepts , they are 1 assuming that cause nodes do not affect result node directly , they only contribute an intensity to the probability distribution of result node 2 importing the concept of unitizing coefficient 3 assuming that they are mutex among all states of all linkage events pointing to a same node .

即原因节点对结果节点状态的影响是非直接的，原因节点只影响结果节点各状态的概率分布，结果节点的状态由这个状态概率分布随机决定；②引入归一化常数来保证推理过程中的归一性；③通过推导出多值因果图的一个性质，即可以在推理过程中假定指向同一节点的所有连接事件的各状态之间彼此互斥来保证推理过程的互斥性。

Many empirical researches have indicated that distributions of return of risky securities are heavy-tailed on condition of which the pro...

在这种情况下，风险证券价格的暴涨暴跌等极端事件发生的概率将比在正态分布条件下发生的概率大得多。

Many empirical researches have indicated that distributions of return of risky securities are heavy-tailed on condition of which the probability of extreme cases is much bigger than on condition of normal distribution.

在这种情况下，风险证券价格的暴涨暴跌等极端事件发生的概率将比在正态分布条件下发生的概率大得多。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。