乳酸形成

Objective To study the effect of poly-DL-lactic acid absorbable membrane on preventing adhesion after repair of peripheral nerve injury.

目的研究聚-DL-乳酸可吸收医用膜防止周围神经损伤修复后粘连形成的作用。

The main esters in Chinese distilled liquor include,ethyl caproate,ethyl acetate,ethyl lactate and ethyl butyrate etc.

中国蒸馏酒中含有一定比例的乙酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯、己酸乙酯和丁酸乙酯等，这几种酯的含量在一定程度上形成了中国蒸馏酒与外国蒸馏酒很不相同的地方。

Objective The tissue compatibility and the ectopic osteogenetic capacity of PDLLA/ BMP complex were evaluated by animal experiment.

目的 采用动物实验方法评价国产可降解消旋聚乳酸与骨形成蛋白复合物的组织相容性及异位诱导成骨能力。

Athletic Performance - Increases oxygen utilization, decreases lactic acid formation, and makes energy production more efficient.

提高运动表现-增加的氧利用，减少乳酸的形成，而且使人体机源能量制造变成更有效率。

It can effectively resist rediation, stop the formation of melanin to make your skin white and moisturizing. Meantime, the main ingredient of pawpaw—papain can promote the metabolism of skin, dissolve the horniness and dirt from sweat pores, postpone and prevent the formation of wrinkles, brings the skin a natural smooth and white.

木瓜的蛋白酶，能全方位美白护理及滋养肌肤，与乳酸精华中蛋白质配合，能有效抗辐射并阻断黑色素的形成，同时木瓜中所含的木瓜酵素能促进肌肤代谢，帮助溶解毛孔中堆积的皮脂及老化角质，缓减和预防皱纹的产生，令肌肤呈现持久细滑、白嫩

The SOD and the LDH-1 activities and EST (R_f=0.17 and R_f=0.72) at 1℃weresignificantly higher than the values of the room temperature(P＜0.05), but the total enzymeactivities of LDH, G6PDH and EST at room temperature and 1℃were similar(P＞0.05).This showed well-developed anoxia tolerance of the Heilongjiang wood frog to maintainplasma viability when low temperature interrupts the delivery of oxygen and substrates. LDH-1rose significantly avoided the liver lactic acid accumulation that may created the liver to bewearied. EST (R_f=0.17 and R_f=0.72) rose may enhance the ester metabolism to offer muchenergy. These showed steady metabolic rate and relative stable organism environment of theHeilongjiang wood frog to survive under low temperature.Native PAGE separated proteins of liver tissue successfully on the better condition is 6％final gel concentration and there were 15～19 bands identified on this condition.

同功酶电泳图谱显示，1℃组与室温组黑龙江林蛙肝脏LDH酶活性差异不显著，均以LDH-5为主，但1℃组LDH-1显著高于室温组(P＜0.05)，推测黑龙江林蛙为适应低温低氧环境，增强LDH-1酶活性以较好的利用乳酸，避免因大量乳酸形成造成肝脏疲劳；而1℃组肝脏G6PDH酶活性无显著变化，进一步说明低温条件下葡萄糖戊糖途径和糖酵解作用的互相协调，维持机体代谢的稳定；1℃组和室温组EST总酶比活力无显著变化，但1℃组中R_f=0.17和R_f=0.72的EST同工酶显著升高(P＜0.05)，推测在低温条件下黑龙江林蛙可能通过选择性增强部分酯酶同功酶活性，增加肝脏酯类物质代谢，为机体提供维持生命必需的最低能量。

Through researching the mechanism of biological nitrification and denitrification and actual project application of the technology and related literature materials, the obtained results are as follows:(1) Anoxybiosis is effective to the removal of COD; after the anoxic process, BOD/COD of the outflow increases, it shows that the degradation ability of wastewater is improved; anoxybiosis is insensitive when shock loading of inflow wastewater varies greatly;(2) It is demonstrated by the operation of inoculation and cultivating that biofilm takes two weeks to succeed in cultivating on packings and the removal ratios of NH3-N and COD get 50% and 70% respectively, when gas-water ratio is 6:1, HRT is 7.3 hour, water temperature is above 15°C;(3) It is demonstrated that gas-water ratio, hydraulic loading, HRT, temperature, pH etc are important factors which influence the removal effect of pollutants, when the gas-water ratio is 6:1, hydraulic loading is about 0.38kgNH3-N/m~3.d, water temperature ranges from 15°C to 27°C, pH ranges from 7.5 to 8.0, the BIOFOR removal effect of pollutants is the best;(4) The operation indicated that, this technology has strong ability of nitrification and denitrification; it has extremely vital significance for reducing the water body eutrophication;(5) It is confirmed the feasibility and the usability of preanoxic-BIOFOR process to treat L-lactic acid production wastewater. The experiment indicated that the treatment effect of this technology is very good and also shows that the technology has many advantages, such as small volume, high treatment efficiency, good effluent quality and strong endurance to load variation, this technology is a new and economical wastewater treatment process.

通过对生物脱氮机理的研究和该组合技术的实际工程应用，并结合有关文献资料，取得如下结论：(1)预缺氧池对L-乳酸生产废水中的COD去除具有一定的效果；废水中难降解的高分子物质经过缺氧工段分解为易于氧化降解的物质，浮状有机物在水解菌的作用下，将不溶性有机物水解为溶解性物质；预缺氧池具有较强的抗冲击负荷能力；(2)BIOFOR接种挂膜过程表明：HRT为7.3h、气水比为6：1、水温保持在15℃以上，经过半个月生物膜即以形成，NH_3-N和COD的去除率分别达到50％和70％左右；(3)研究表明：气水比、水力负荷、HRT、温度、pH等是影响污染物去除效率的重要因素，在气水比为6：1，NH_3-N容积负荷为0.38kgNH_3-N／m~3·d，温度在15℃-27℃，pH在7.5-8.0之间的条件下，BIOFOR对污染物的去除效率达到最佳；(4)运行表明，该组合技术具有较强的脱氮能力，对于减少水体富营养化具有十分重要的意义；(5)经过半年多实际工程的现场调试与运行，验证了利用预缺氧—BIOFOR组合工艺处理L—乳酸生产废水的可行性和实用性，得出该组合技术具有占地面积小，处理效果好，运行费用省，耐冲击负荷能力强等优点，是一项新型、经济的污水处理技术。

The capacity of repairing bone defect of biodegradable PLA and the efficacy of PLA as a carrier for bone morphogenetic protein are determined with detecting the osteogenetic process.

18只日本大耳白兔，随机分组，在双侧下颌骨体部形成 12 m m× 6 mm的缺损，分别植入聚乳酸-人骨形成蛋白- 2复合物(PL A- rh BMP- 2 )、单纯聚乳酸，于 2、4、8、12周分批处死。

The human cartilages are composed of chondrocyte and extracellular matrix , the form of chondrocytes are hypertrophy and the quantity are less; the ECM of cartilage are compised of type Ⅱ collagen and proteoglycan. Articular cartilages are all hyaline with little fibers. Trauma and arthritis are the main cause of cartilage injury, the ommilayer injury ofcartilage can be recovered by marrow, but because of without stimulation mechanism, the new tissues are merely fibrocartilages, they can not be coincide with hyaline cartilage in menchanics; the purely damage of articular cartilage can not stimulate chondrocyte to regenerate because of without blood circulation, thus, the plerosis of articular catilage can not depend on the proliferation of local chondrocyte. Ever since, people tried their best to find a way to reconstruct articular cartilage.

中文题名人骨髓基质干细胞成软骨诱导及多孔复合材料作为细胞载体的体外实验研究副题名外文题名 Cartilage induction of human mesenchymal stem cells and experiment on compound porous materials as cells' scaffold in vitro 论文作者刘晓岚导师周江南学科专业外科学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位中南大学学位授予日期2003 论文页码总数68页关键词骨组织工程软骨细胞骨髓基质干细胞壳聚糖高分子外消旋聚乳酸馆藏号BSLW /2003 /R68 /10 造成人体关节软骨损伤的原因主要为创伤和关节炎，关节软骨全层损伤可由于骨髓中间充质干细胞的高速增殖修复，但这种修复由于缺乏相应的刺激机制，只能形成纤维软骨，而不能形成符合关节生理、力学要求的透明软骨；单纯软骨部分损伤软骨组织内无血管，软骨细胞迁移迟缓，无法使损伤区域软骨细胞再生，因此，关节炎及关节创伤后的软骨修复不能依赖于软骨细胞的增殖和迁移。

And the PLA/Chitosan/ACP barriers with additional 2 wt% chitosan still maintain 56.58 % antibacterial ability after eightieth day. The different composition of PLA/Chitosan/ACP composites was prepared by water washing solidification from NMP/water/lactic acid consolvent. After storing at room temperature for 48 hours and taking it out to obtain a shapable composites. To investigate the influence of ratio of composition with the shapable property of composites, it was analyzed by Rheometer, TGA, AFM, XRD. The result of the different APC content had different effect both water content and yield stress of composite materials. The yield stress decreased with ACP content while increases. It was derived that ions, released from ACP interact with amide groups of chitosan to form water-absorbing ionic clusters through chelating or electrostatic attraction.

另外，以聚乳酸/几丁聚醣作为基材并添加不同比例的非晶型磷酸钙，经过水洗固化后可得白色片状沉淀物，於室温下静置48小时后，复合材之体积呈现膨胀且具有可塑形之特性，以热重分析仪与流变仪分析样品之含水率与屈伏应力，结果显示不同ACP含量对复合材含水率与屈伏应力具有消长变化，而PLA/Chitosan/ACP之可塑程度与其所吸收之水份多寡有关，推测可能机制为ACP磷酸钙盐解离后之金属离子与几丁聚醣之胺基透过螯合作用或静电吸引之交互作用，形成具吸水性之离子团簇分散於疏水性之聚乳酸基材中。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。