乳酸

Several antigens of pathogenic microorganisms, such as C subunit of tetanus toxin and the Brucella abortus ribosomal protein L7/L12, were successfully expressed in Lactococcus lactis.

破伤风毒素片段C、布氏杆菌L7／L12蛋白等多种病原微生物抗原已成功在乳酸乳球菌中表达，并已证明部分重组乳酸乳球菌作为黏膜免疫疫苗可以同时刺激局部黏膜免疫应答和系统免疫应答。

Cyclooxygenase-2-silenced cells were less able to acidify tissue culture medium, a response that could partly be attributed to decreased lactate production or export detected by reduced lactate in the medium.

同时藉由还原培养皿中的乳酸可以得知COX-2被缄默的细胞酸化组织培养皿的能力较低，而这个现象被认为部分地由减少乳酸产量或输出造成。

Strain MD-9 is facultative anaerobe bacillus.Glucose fermentation is heterologous.Strain MD-9 can use molasses wastewater to produce lactic acid.

利用富含碳水化合物的有机废弃物发酵生产乳酸这种多用途的化工产品，可以解决废弃物的资源化问题，同时还能够降低乳酸的生产成本

In the survival group, patients' blood dynamics were stable gradually, DO2 and VO2 increased obviously, the blood lactic acid level was low, after complex therapy the patients were survival, however, in the death group the data demonstrated that patients' blood dynamics were unstable, the DO2 and VO2 was difficult to increase, and the blood lactic acid kept at high level, it showed that the tissues were seriously inthe condition of ischemia and anoxemia, the cell function failure was irreversible, although many kinds of complex therapy were carried on, the patient still died finally.

生存组中，患者血液动力学逐渐平稳，DO2和VO2均明显升高，血乳酸水平较低，经综合治疗后患者得于存活，而死亡组数据显示，患者血液动力学不稳定，DO2和VO2的提高非常困难，且血乳酸水平持续较高，提示组织缺血缺氧严重，细胞功能衰竭不可逆，虽采取多种措施进行综合治疗，但患者最终仍然死亡。

The mechanical property testing shows that the seamless PLLA tubes perform excellent radial strength,which indicates that the mechanical properties of biodegradable stents made of these tubes was supposed to be excellent.PLLA and its composites were first used in preparing seamless tubes as antecedency of laser-cut biodegradable coronary stents in china.Finite element analyses of the biodegradable coronary stent model indicate the explorative design basically meets the requirement of reasonable and applicable stents.There is not such kind of research yet in domestic.Optimum laser-cuttting parameters of CO2 laser was cauculated based on experiential formula,within it,biodegradable coronary stents,especially those with complex structure would be manufacutured from seamless tubes quickly by laser microprocessing with high consistency to the design model.The processing efficiency of the CO2 laser demonstrated in experiential formula by us will play an important guiding role in manufacturing biodegradable stents by laser-processing.Our stents that ascribed to laser-cutted,slotted tube stent are proved to be biodegradable, self-expandable and good biocompatible,basically reach the international level on the aspest of manufacturing procedures and design.

研究结果表明：壳聚糖改性材料综合性能优于纯PLLA，更适合于作为可降解冠脉支架的原材料；自主设计的探索性自膨胀管状闭环型可降解冠脉支架的性能符合冠脉设计要求，设计、验证生物可降解冠脉支架模型的研究在国内还未见报道；制备的改性PLLA无缝管的力学性能优越，可通过激光切割获得冠脉支架，这是国内首次采用聚乳酸材料来制备通过激光加工出可降解冠脉支架的无缝管；二氧化碳激光器加工精度能达到加工要求，加工出来的血管支架名义设计与实测值误差小，实现了冠脉支架、尤其是带有复杂外观设计冠脉支架的快速化、规范化加工，对二氧化碳激光器加工聚乳酸材料的效果研究在国内外属于首创，获得的经验公式对日后的深入研究有重要的指导意义；制备的支架为激光切割管状闭环型冠脉支架，支架外观设计、支架加工手段、支架的性能都基本接近国际水平，支架样品符合设计的理念，可以实现自膨胀功能。

Suitable water-immiscible organic solvents include aromatic hydrocarbons, eg toluene, xylene, naphthalene, tetrahydronaphthalene and methyl naphthalene; chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons, eg chlorobenzene, fluorobenzene, chloronaphthalene and bromonaphthalene; esters, eg butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate, benzyl benzoate, butyl benzoate, phenylethyl acetate, butyl lactate, benzyl lactate, diethyleneglycol dipropionate, dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; alcohols having six or more carbon atoms, eg hexanol, octanol, benzyl alcohol, phenyl ethanol, phenoxy ethanol, phenoxy propanol and phenoxy butanol; ethers having at least 5 carbon atoms, preferably C 5-14 ethers, eg anisole and phenetol; nitrocellulose, cellulose ether, cellulose acetate; low odour petroleum distillates; turpentine; white spirits; naphtha; isopropylbiphenyl; terpene; vegetable oil; mineral oil; essential oil; and natural oil; and mixtures of any two or more thereof.

适用于水互溶的有机溶剂包括芳香族碳氢化合物，如甲苯，二甲苯，萘，四氢萘和甲基萘；氯代芳香族碳氢化合物，如氯苯，氟，氯萘和萘；酯类，如醋酸丁酯，醋酸乙酯，苯甲酸甲酯，苯甲酸乙酯，苄酯，苯甲酸正丁酯，苯，醋酸丁酯乳酸，乳酸苄，二甘醇二丙酸酯，邻苯二甲酸二甲酯，邻苯二甲酸二乙酯，邻苯二甲酸二丁酯，二（2乙基己基）酯；醇有6个或更多碳原子，如己醇，辛醇，苯甲醇，苯乙醇，苯氧基乙醇，丙醇和苯氧基苯氧丁醇；醚至少有5个碳原子，最好荤5-14醚，如苯甲醚和phenetol；硝化棉，纤维素醚，醋酸纤维素，低气味石油蒸馏；松节油；白酒，石脑油isopropylbiphenyl；萜类，植物油，矿物油，挥发油；和天然油，以及任何两个或两个以上其混合物。

In this paper, we use the Lactococcus lactis subsp.lactis of bile salt hydrolase screened from kefir grains to the study environment factors of increasing enzyme vires.

本文利用从藏灵菇中筛选的产胆盐水解酶的乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种（Lactococcus lactis subsp.lactis）研究提高酶活力的环境因素。

And the characteristics of body their trace components are as follows: Luzhou－flavour liquor has ethyl caproate the main flavour component with its content 160～250mg/100ml (above 40％ of total ester); Fen－flavour liquor has ethyl acetate the main body flavour component, above 50％ of total ester, and the content of ethyl lactate and ethyl acetate above 90％ of total ester; Tte main body flavour component of Maotai－flavour liquor is still uncertain, and it has higher furfural content (260mg/100ml); Sanhua－flavour liquor,β－phenethyl alcohol is a special characteristic for it and the content of ethyl lactate is 73％ of total ester; In other flavour liquors,the specific flavouring components vary because of different types.

其微量成分特征为：浓香型白酒以己酸乙酯为主，含量在160～250mg/100ml，占总酯40％以上；清香型白酒以乙酸乙酯为主体香，占总酯的50％以上，乙酸乙酯与乳酸乙酯的含量占总酯90％以上；酱香型白酒的主体香暂无定论，其糠醛含量较高，达260mg/100ml；米香型白酒以β－苯乙醇为特征成分，乳酸乙酯含量占总酯高达73％。其他香型白酒因门类不同，以数种成分为其特征。

It is the process during which the malic acid of wine changes into lactic acid and carbonic gas under the action of bacteria living in the wine.

苹果酸乳酸发酵是酒中的苹果酸转变成乳酸和二氧化碳的过程。

In this study, we used poly L-latcide, poly DL-latcide-co-glycolide 75:25 (PLGA7525) and poly DL-latcide-co-glycolide 50:50 (PLGA5050) during citric acid inducing ammonium bicarbonate gas forming process to form porous polymer film, and rolled the porous polymer film to make nerve conduits with pores and multi-layered. Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analyzer and Attenuated Total Reflectance – Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectrometer were employed for determining elements' functionabilities and chemical compounds. Charge Coupled Device camera and Scanning Electron Microscope were employed for macroscopic and microscopic morphologies and structural observation. Differential Scanning Calorimetry was employed for measuring glass-transition temperature. Nano-indentation system was employed for measuring elastic modulus and hardness. Biodegradation and water absorption ratios were measured to analyze their chemical properties and SEM was employed for microscopic morphology of the tested nerve conduit.

本研究将以聚乳酸、聚乳酸-聚甘醇酸共聚合物（75：25）、聚乳酸-聚甘醇酸共聚合物（50：50）做为研究材料，以柠檬酸诱发碳酸氢铵发泡之气泡成型法制作具有相连通孔隙之高分子薄膜，再将高分子薄膜卷制成特殊多层的导管，制作具有多层孔隙之新型神经再生导管，以电子能谱化学分析及减弱式全反射-傅立叶转换红外线光谱分析进行成份分析及化学元素测定；以电荷耦合元件摄影机、扫瞄式电子显微镜进行多层孔隙型神经导管巨观及微观形态结构观察；以示差扫瞄热量量测分析玻璃转换温度、奈米三维量测弹性模数及硬度；以及进行降解性质测定，并以扫瞄式电子显微镜进行降解后之导管微观结构形态观察。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。