乳酸

First,126 samples were gathered in the natural environment in which grew to the lactobacillus .

首先在各种适合于乳酸菌生长的自然环境中采集了126个样品，然后进行了乳酸菌的筛选试验，优选出2株L-乳酸产量较高且遗传性比较稳定的菌株，对该两株菌的种子培养条件及影响L-乳酸发酵的因素进行了系统的研究，同时对玉米芯L-乳酸发酵进行了初步的探讨。

In every group, rabbits were subdivided into experimental and control subgroups. 2 Rabbits were bullets injected followed by continuous injected with 13C labeled leucine, glucose, and lactic acid; 3 Blood were drewed before and 150, 160, 170, and 180 min after the initiation of isotopes injection for material analysis; 4 Exhale gas were collected every 5 min in the first 30 min followed by every 30 min there after for material analysis; 5 After centrifuge in low temp the supernatant of the blood samples were collected and went through axon and anon exchange column treatment; 6 Treated blood sample was used for 13C labeled leucine, glucose lactic acid examination through mass spectrograph; 7 The exhale gas was collected for 13CO2 exam through gas-phase mass spectrograph; 8 CO2 total production rate (V13CO2), body various substances production, oxidation speed, and substances metabolic percentage all can be calculated through equations provided by references below; 9 Data was processed through student t test.

分亮氨酸、葡萄糖和乳酸三组各取健康新西兰兔16只，每组再分为高代谢脓毒症组和对照组两部分，建模方法同第一部分；2）三组分别先静脉弹丸式推注再持续灌注13C标记的亮氨酸、葡萄糖和乳酸；3）灌注前抽取动脉血作为背景值，灌注达150，160，170和180min分别抽取动脉血2ml用于质谱分析；4）实验开始后前30min中每5min收集呼出气一次，随后每30min收集呼出气一次，用于气相质谱分析；5）血样经过低温离心取上清液，过阳离子及阴离子交换树脂，再经衍生化处理；6）处理过的血样进入气相色谱－质谱仪，测量其13C标记的亮氨酸、葡萄糖和乳酸丰度；7）实验兔的呼出气通过13CO2气相质谱分析仪测定其中的13CO2丰度（E13CO2）；8）利用文献提供的公式算出CO2总生成率（V13CO2）以及机体各物质的通量、氧化速率以及物质代谢百分比等；9）数据分析处理采用t检验。

These characteristics of polylactide fiber promote its applications in the areas of fibers and nonwovens, And polylactide fibers can be made to the circular cross section of monofilament or multifilament、trilobal cross-section BCF (can be used for weaving carpets and blankets)、crimp or curly short fiber、the two-component fibers、spunbonded nonwovens and meltblown nonwovens, etc.

这些特性刺激了聚乳酸纤维在纤维和非织造布领域的应用，并且聚乳酸纤维可以制成圆截面的单丝或复丝、三叶形截面的BCF、卷曲或非卷曲的短纤维、双组份纤维、纺粘非织造布和熔喷非织造布等，这使聚乳酸纤维在服装市场、家用及装饰市场、非织造布市场、双组份纤维领域、卫生及医用等领域有潜在的应用前景。

2 A kind of enzyme and mediator modified electrode is devised by immobilyzing both N-methyl phenazine sulfate and glucose oxidase on the surface of carbon glassy electrode (GOD-NMP-GC electrode), which successfully realizes the electron transfer process between glucose oxidase and carbon glassy electrode.

将NMP-GC电极与葡萄糖氧化酶结合，制作了GOD-NMP-GC电极，该电极可快速实现电极=NMP介体=GOD活性中心=葡萄糖之间的电子长程转移，并且用循环伏安法对酶催化反应进行了研究；用含丰富乳酸脱氢酶的乳酸杆菌与NMP-GC电极相结合，制作了介体微生物电极，并检测到GC电极=NMP=LDH活性中心=乳酸之间的非均相电子转移。

This paper focused on the breeding of an L-lactic acid producing bacteria Lactobacillus easei YBQ1-1, studying the characteristics, medium components, pH and metabolic network of the mutant YBQH2-14 obtained after being selected.Using UV irradiation, L.casei YBQH2-14 was selected in the different plate media such as the medium with high concentration of glucose, lactic acid , CaCO3 -Bromocresol purple and KMnO4 -KBr.

本文主要对L-乳酸生产菌株(Lactobacillus casei YBQ1-1)进行了诱变选育，并研究了突变株YBQH2-14发酵条件对生产L-乳酸的影响，构建了L.caseiYBQH2-14的代谢网络模型，分析了分批发酵不同阶段的代谢通量，同时研究了L-乳酸的应用——黑麦麸皮粉发酵。

An innovative process for the production of high molecular weight poly(L-lactic acid) was presented, featuring solid-state polycondensation of L-lactic acid in a closed system with a dehydrant to remove water selectively.

研究在真空密闭、存在脱水剂的条件下聚乳酸固相缩聚工艺的可行性，得到了分子量达25万的聚乳酸；实验研究了催化剂浓度，预聚体粒度和反应时间对缩聚过程的影响，表明降解副反应仍然是控制聚乳酸最终分子量的重要因素。

PLA with excessive Lonformation units in polymer chains ran he obtained using SnCl2 and naphthalene disulphonic acid as catalyst system.

SnCl2和NDA分别催化D， L-乳酸聚合可制备消旋的非晶态聚乳酸，而SnCl2/NDA催化体系所得的聚乳酸是高光学活性的L-构型的结晶聚合物。

The n-butyl lactate was synthesied by the esterification of lactic acid and n-butyl alcohol in presence of ammonium ferric sulfate dodecahydrate NH4Fe(SO4)212H2O,and the factor influencing on the yield of reaction were discussed.

摘 要：在十二水合硫酸铁铵催化下，由乳酸和正丁醇发生酯化反应合成了乳酸正丁酯。实验考察了该催化剂催化酯化合成乳酸正丁酯的醇酸比、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度诸因素对酯化率的影响。

Meanwhile it was pointed out that with homofermentative LAB, recirculation of cells and in situ production removal technology under anaerobic condition, LA yield could be increased and co-inoculation of various LAB with the optimizing LA separation technique could help to the industrialization of LA production with organic wastes.

指出在厌氧条件下应用同型发酵乳酸细菌，采用原位产物分离技术和细胞再循环发酵通常会提高乳酸的产量；采取多菌种的联合发酵并优化提取工艺，将有助于实现有机废物工业化生产乳酸。

Those biodegradable materials finally form into CO2 and H2O via culture of tricarboxylic acid cycle, which can be excreted from lung, kidney, and skin. Hydroxyacetic acid is a metabolic product of amino acids. Therefore, velocity of bioldegradable materials can be controlled in vivo. The recent contraception focuses on discover a sustained release system of biodegradable materials.

生物可降解材料包括聚乳酸、聚ε-己内酯、乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物等，这些材料有很好的生物相容性，植入体内后可经生物降解成乳酸单体，经三羧酸循环后最终成为CO2和H2O，经肺、肾、皮肤排泄，羟基乙酸也是机体氨基酸代谢产物，而且生物可将解材料在体内降解速度是可控的，用生物降解聚合物作为药物载体的缓释避孕系统是目前材料学以及避孕节育研究的一大重点。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。