乳酸

After 20 days, at the end of fermentation, the cassava residue inoculated has better sensory quality, but the treatments of adding low levels of saccharose have low lactic acid accumulation amounts and high butanoic acid accumulation amounts compared with the treatments of adding high levels of saccharose, the treatment with inoculation and 4% saccharose addition has the highest lactic acid accumulation amount, which is 18.7 g/kg, and the treatment with inoculation and 8% saccharose addition has the lowest butanoic acid accumulation amount, which is 0.141g/kg.

结果显示：在发酵开始时接种处理的乳酸菌数为5×108 cfu/g，而对照处理没有检测到；发酵结束后，接种的3个糖水平处理的外观发酵品质比未接种处理好，但糖浓度低时丁酸积累较多，乳酸积累少，接种并添加4%蔗糖的处理乳酸积累量最高，发酵物中乳酸积累达18.7 g/kg，接种并添加8%蔗糖的处理丁酸积累最少，仅为0.141 g/kg。

The discussion of the degradation mechanism: Chitosan is not hydrolyze in neutral soak in vitro. The mechanism of degradation of the PDLLA membrane in vivo and in vitro is similar, both represent the simple hydrolyze. The degradation of he composite membrane mainly represent the PDLLA hydrolyze of, chitosan can hydrolyze when there are acid product which is PDLLA's catabolite in vitro.

降解机理探讨：壳聚糖膜体外中性条件下不水解；聚乳酸膜体内外降解机理相似，都表现为简单水解机理；复合膜体外降解主要表现为聚乳酸的水解，壳聚糖在聚乳酸降解后产生酸性产物的条件下存在酸水解机理。

Lactate shuttle may be one important factor to regulate the biological effect of lactate such as various muscle pain, fatigability and etc. Lactate shuttle effect on body function regulation is a noticeable problem in muscle rehabilitation and excise-induced adaption fields.

乳酸穿梭可能是影响乳酸发挥的生物学效应的重要因素，如引起不同形式肌肉痛感及疲劳性变化等，乳酸穿梭对人体机能的调节是未来肌肉康复及运动性适应研究的一个值得注意的方向。

This article present the methods of synthesizing PLA、 filature 、advantage、disadvantage、domestic and overseas actuality.

简要介绍了纺丝用聚乳酸合成和聚乳酸纤维纺丝的方法、优缺点和国内外研究现状，对聚乳酸纤维的降解性能、物理机械性能和染色性能进行了述评。

This paper introduces the properties of the lactic acid and the polylactic acid .

文章介绍了乳酸和聚乳酸的性质，聚乳酸的制备方法。

This review focused on the reasearch progress of polylactide synthesised either by direct polycondensation of lactic acid or ring-opening polymerization of lactide at home and aborad in recent years.

综述了近年来国内外聚乳酸直接合成法和丙交酯开环聚合法的研究进展，对聚乳酸改性方法进行了深入的总结和评述，并揭示了聚乳酸材料的研究开发前景。

The lactic acid could divided to three isomers: L, Dand DL.

乳酸按其旋光性可分为D-乳酸、L-乳酸和DL-乳酸3种。

When the concentration of zinc nitrite is lower than 0.1 M,(002) is the prior face for zinc oxide. As the concentration raise, the other kinds of crystal face would appear. Among those data,(002) grows the best when the concentration of zinc nitrite is 0.06 M. We add lactic acid and citric acid respectively; there is an carboxyl group on the lactic acid and three carboxyl groups on the citric acid. The monodentate of lactic acid helps the growth of zinc oxide, compared to the tridentate of citric acid which can only produce zinc oxide film under very low concentration, but the growth of (002) face is not that stable as adding the lactic acid and zinc will electrodeposit to substrate.

实验中，当硝酸锌浓度低於0.1 M 时，氧化锌以(002)面为优选位相，当浓度提高，其他晶面将会出现，当硝酸锌为0.06 M，(002)晶面成长最佳，分别加入乳酸和柠檬酸，乳酸结构上有一羧基团而柠檬酸有三个羧基团，单芽基的乳酸有助於氧化锌成长，对照於三芽基的柠檬酸，则必须在极低的浓度下才能制备氧化锌薄膜，但(002)面成长却没有添加乳酸来的稳定而金属锌也会电沉积到基板上。

In the process of ion exchange membrane electrodialysis with three compartments, sodium lactate was converted into lactic acid and sodium sulphate was obtained by adding sulphuric acid.

在离子交换膜电渗析从乳酸钠制备乳酸中，利用三室的电渗析器在外加硫酸的条件下将乳酸钠转化为乳酸，同时得到硫酸钠。

The concrete steps are: the lactic acid and small-molecule dicarboxylic acid react under the condition with the presence of the catalyst to directly polymerize the carboxyl-terminated lactic acid prepolymer; then the aliphatic polycarbonate diol and the catalyst are added; with the presence of the N2, the reaction is kept for 1 to 10 hours at the temperature of 150 to 200 Celsius system to get the poly lactic acid and polycarbonate copolymer of the low molecular weight; then the reaction is done in the twin-screw extruder at the temperature of 150 to 190 Celsius system to screw out the extension chain; finally the polylactic copolymer of the high molecular weight, toughness and heat resistance is made.

具体步骤是：乳酸和小分子二元酸在催化剂条件下反应直接缩聚合成羧基封端的乳酸预聚物，然后加入脂肪族的聚碳酸酯二元醇和催化剂，在N 2 气氛下，抽真空，在150～200℃温度下，反应1～10小时，得到低分子量聚乳酸/聚碳酸酯共聚物，然后在双螺杆挤出机中在140～190℃下，进行反应挤出扩链，最终得到高分子量的、韧性与耐热性较好的聚乳酸共聚物。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。