乳酰基

The cationic diamide softener can be emulsified by emulsifying agent, and the emulsion of cationic diamide softene can be used as softening agent in Papermaking. The results showed that the emulsion of the cationic diamide softener is stable and homogeneous when the dosage of emulsifying agent cetyltrimethylammonium chloride is 10% in the emulsifying process.

摘 要：以硬脂酸和二乙烯三胺经酰化反应制得二硬脂酰化物，用环氧氯丙烷阳离子化后，再加入乳化剂乳化，可制得带有反应性基团环氧基的新型双酰胺阳离子乳液型纸张柔软剂。

The polymerization reacts from the inverse emulsion . Selecting white oil as continuous medium , Span60 and TX-10 as the complex emulsifier , AM-01﹑(NH4)2S2O4 and NaHSO3 as new-type complex initiator , the copolymerization of dimethylamino ethyl acrylate methyl chloride/acrylamide was developed . The effects of the concentration of monomer﹑emulsifier and initiator﹑ temperature﹑reaction time and pH on the molecular weight﹑intrinsic viscostity﹑conversion ratio and cation degree of copolymer were studied .

以反相乳液为初始聚合体系，油酸失水山梨醇酯Span60和辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚TX-10构成复配乳化剂，白油为连续介质，AM-01、过硫酸铵和亚硫酸氢钠组成新型复合引发体系，进行丙烯酰胺/（2-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基）三甲基氯化铵的反相准微乳液共聚合，研究了单体浓度、乳化剂、反应温度、反应时间、pH等因素对聚合产品分子量、特性粘数、转化率及阳离子度的影响。

In this Ph. D. dissertation, reverse microemulsion method was fully used infabricating and modifying polyacrylamide with functional and high-relative moleculeweight. The copolymerization of 2-acrylamide-2-methylpxopanesulfonic acid, fluorescent monomer 4-methoxy-N-(2-N\', N\'-dimethylamino ethyl)naphthalimide alkyl chloride quaternary ammonium salt, fluorescentmonomer 4-(N\'-methyl-1-piperazinylallyl)-N-butyl-naphthalimide chloride quaternaryammonium salt, Cationic monomer dimethylethylammonium bromide and hydrophobical monomer octadecylacrylate with acrylamide and properties of the copolymers werestudied. The interaction between five polymers and Al_2O_3(012) crystal surface have beensimulated by Materials Studio 3.0 program package, binding energies and non-bondinteraction energies and deformation energies have also been acquired.

本文以制备具有较高相对分子质量和功能型PAM为研究目的，将反相微乳液法运用到其制备及改性的有关环节，通过反相微乳液聚合工艺，将几种改性功能单体2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基-丙磺酸、荧光单体2-(4-甲氧基-1，8-萘二甲酰亚胺基)-乙基二甲基烯丙基氯化铵、荧光单体4-(N'-甲基-1-哌嗪基)-N-丁基-1，8-萘烯丙氯季铵盐、阳离子单体丙烯酰氧乙基-二甲基-乙基溴化铵和疏水单体丙烯酸十八酯与AM共聚，制备AMPS改性PAM、荧光示踪型PAM、阳离子单体DMB改性PAM和OA改性PAM等四类不同功能单体改性PAM，并研究其应用性能。

The silica/Polystyrene monocore-shell nanocomposite particles(95nm in diameter) were synthesized through miniemulsion polymerization by using sodium dodecyl sulfate surfactant,hexadecane costabilizer in the presence of silica particles(50nm in diameter) coated with methacryloxytrimethoxysilane.

采用细乳液聚合法，以3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH570)表面改性的直径50nm的氧化硅粒子为核，在乳化剂、助乳化剂、引发剂存在的情况下制备了小粒径、单核核壳结构氧化硅/聚苯乙烯纳米复合微球。

The formation of microemulsion system containing emulsifier,acrylamide,2-ethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride,sodium-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propane-sulfonate and hexamethylene was studied.

对复配乳化剂(span+tw een)、丙烯酰胺、(2-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基)三甲基氯化铵、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸钠和环己烷组成的微乳液体系进行了研究，研究了单体总质量浓度、AM摩尔含量和阴阳离子单体配比改变对形成微乳液需要的适宜H LB值和最小乳化剂用量的影响。

The effect of the content of the keto group and the hydrazine group and the crosslinking reaction on the emulsions was discussed.

探讨了肼基、酰胺基的含量对水性聚氨酯乳液、苯丙乳液性能的影响以及交联反应对漆膜性能的影响。

Ambient temperature self-crosslinking acrylic latexes were prepared through semicontinuous emulsion polymerization using 3 different polymerizable alkoxysilanes, i.e. vinyl tri silane (A172), Vinyl triethoxy silane and γ-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane (A174). The hydrolysis of these siloxanes under different pH was characterized, and dependence of the latex and polymer properties on these siloxanes and their incorporated amounts in the polymers was studied.

使用三种含不饱和双键硅氧烷，乙烯基三硅烷(A172)、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷和γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(A174)为功能单体，采用半连续乳液聚合法制备了室温自交联丙烯酸酯乳液，探讨了硅氧烷功能单体在不同pH条件下水解情况以及其种类和用量对乳液及乳胶膜性能的影响。

Aiming at the shortcomings of high formaldehyde content and low soaping and crocking fastnesses of currently used pigment printing binder,by60Co-γ radiation polymerization process,the waterborne polyacrylate emulsion containing active keto groups was synthesized from acrylate monomers and diacetone acrylamide.

针对目前所用涂料印花黏合剂存在的色牢度低和甲醛含量高的缺陷，采用钴60-γ辐射法聚合工艺，利用丙烯酸酯单体、双丙酮丙烯酰胺合成出含活性酮羰基的丙烯酸酯乳液；然后同含端酰肼基聚氨酯乳液按一定的比例混合，制备出酮肼交联型丙烯酸酯聚氨酯复合乳液。

Five expressed genes contributed to the flowering process and embryonic development such as prolamine, gene for allergenic protein, chalcone synthase, putative peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase and acyl carrier protein Ⅱ gene were chosen to hybridize with a 1510-RNA-blot (time-point phenotypes) array. The 1510 RNA blots were prepared into an RNA array for the purpose of conferring and validating global transcriptional profiles on booting, flowering and filling quantitatively and qualitatively at a statistic level. The results verified: Prolamine and allergenic protein were high-expressed in filling grains after being regulated by development, Chalcone synthase and methionine sulfoxide reductase were high-expressed in the leavies induced by light, in the root stressed for nitrogen deficiency.

为了全局性分析基因表达谱以及进一步验证它们与开花过程的相关性，选取参与水稻开花过程和胚胎发育过程的基因：查尔酮合酶、酰基载体蛋白Ⅱ、醇溶蛋白、S-腺苷基甲硫氨酸还原酶、过敏反应蛋白等为探针，与1500个水稻RNA斑点阵列进行杂交时，结果证实：醇溶蛋白和过敏反应蛋白受发育调节在乳熟成穗中高表达，查尔酮合酶和S-腺苷基甲硫氨酸还原酶在叶片中受光诱导、在根中受缺氮胁迫高表达。

Ethambutol is a first-line drug used for antituberculosis therapy. It is often used in combination with isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin. The action of EMB in antituberculosis mechanism is the destruction of cell wall of tubercle bacilli via binding the target molecule -- arabinosyl transferases. These enzymes are involved in the polymerization of the cell wall arabinan. Inhibition of arabinan synthesis by EMB results in the accumulation of mycolic acids, leading to cell death.The EMB-resistance of MTB is involved with the mutation of emb operon or the over expression of emb operon.

乙胺丁醇是和异烟肼、利福平、链霉素、吡嗪酰胺联合治疗结核病的一线抗结核药物，EMB对结核分枝杆菌的作用机制与分枝杆菌胞壁结构破坏有关，主要作用于靶分子阿拉伯糖基转移酶，抑制了阿拉伯糖基聚合入阿拉伯半乳聚糖，从而影响细胞壁分枝菌酸-阿拉伯半乳聚糖-肽聚糖复合物的形成，导致菌细胞的死亡。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。