乳糖

The testing methods and targets were shown as below:Recorded milk weights from the 7th day postpartum to 15th day postpartum,and calculate the average day-milk yield;Milk samples were draw in 7th day and 14th day postpartum,and testing the milk fat,milk lactose,milk protein,milk Zn and the milk somatic cell counts;Blood samples were adopted at the 7th day postpartum,testing the levels of serum PRL; Blood samples adopted at the 1st day and the 12th day in oestrous cycle were used to test the levels of E_2 and P_4 in serum;In the experimental stage, registering the condition of parturition, the mean birth weight of calves,the first oestrus,the oestrus scycle postpartum and the conception rate of the first service after artificial insemination.

试验方法及所测指标如下：于产后第七天到第十四天记录日产奶量，最后计算每组平均日产奶量；每组随机抽取分娩后第七天、第十四天的奶样，测定乳糖、乳蛋白、乳脂、乳锌含量及乳体细胞数；于产后第七天，随机采取奶牛血样，测定血清中PRL含量；于发情周期的当天和第12天，随机采取血样，测定血清中雌二醇(Estradiol，E2)和孕酮(Progesterone，P)的浓度；记录奶牛的分娩情况、犊牛初生重、产后第一次发情日期、产后发情周期，并采用人工授精技术进行受精，记录第一情期受胎率，最后取平均值，作为衡量奶牛繁殖性能的指标。

Based on relative literatures,this part has included five resesearch aspects as below.1 Fifteen compounds were isolated and purified by extraction,column chromatography,and their structures were determined on the basis of spectral analysis: acteoside(Ⅰ-1),isoacteoside(Ⅰ-2),crenatoside(Ⅰ-3),cistanoside F(Ⅰ-4),sinapoyl-4-O-β-D-glucoside(Ⅰ-5),adenosine(Ⅰ-6),β-siterol(Ⅰ-7),oleanic acid(Ⅰ-8), succinic acid(Ⅰ-9),caffeic acid(Ⅰ-10),protocatechuic aldehyde(Ⅰ-11),p-hydro xybenzyl alcohol(Ⅰ-12),β-daucosterol(Ⅰ-13),D-galacitol(Ⅰ-14),D-mannitol(Ⅰ-15).Ⅰ-4～15 were obtained from this plant for the first time,andⅠ-6,7,9,and 13 were isolated from Orobanche genus for the first time.2 The scavenging test of DPPH showed that most compounds have comparative antioxidant activity as L-ascorbic acid and part of them show better activity such as the O.coerulescens extract and phenylethanoid glycosides.Acteoside showed potent free radical scavenging effects with a median inhibition concentration of 25.6μg/ml.3 The anti-HBV activities of acteoside,isoacteoside and crenatoside were measured,and all of them showed suppressive activity on the expression of HBsAg and HBeAg in the HepG2.2.15 cell line.

本论文在文献调研基础上对紫花列当化学成分及生物活性进行了研究，并从免疫抗病毒角度探讨紫花列当中特征性成分类叶升麻苷的肝保护作用及其机制。1采用大孔树脂、硅胶和Sephadex LH-20等色谱技术对紫花列当进行系统的植物化学研究，从中分离得到19个化合物，利用UV和NMR等波谱手段及理化性质鉴定了其中的15个化合物，分别为类叶升麻苷(Ⅰ-1)、异类叶升麻苷(Ⅰ-2)、crenatoside(Ⅰ-3)、cistanoside F(Ⅰ-4)、sinapoyl-4-O-β-D-glucoside(Ⅰ-5)、腺苷(Ⅰ-6)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅰ-7)、齐墩果酸(Ⅰ-8)、琥珀酸(Ⅰ-9)、咖啡酸(Ⅰ-10)、原儿茶醛(Ⅰ-11)、对羟甲基苯甲酸(Ⅰ-12)、β-胡萝卜苷(Ⅰ-13)、D-半乳糖醇(Ⅰ-14)和甘露醇(Ⅰ-15除化合物Ⅰ-1、Ⅰ-2和Ⅰ-3外，其余化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。2)通过大孔树脂富集该药材有效部位苯乙醇总苷，并采用HPLC测得其所含特征性成分类叶升麻苷的含量可达80%以上。3DPPH自由基清除试验显示紫花列当提取物及其所含的苯乙醇苷类化合物均具有较好的抗氧化能力，其清除DPPH自由基能力接近于抗坏血酸。4采用卡介苗整体致敏、脂多糖离体攻击构建大鼠原代肝细胞免疫性损伤模型，在体外观察类叶升麻苷的保肝作用。

The formation of the by-products occurring with the aldononitrileacetates of glucose and galactose can be overcome by increasing the ratio of hydroxy-lamine hydrochloride to water in the solution before oximation and acetylation.

通过不断摸索，本文首次找到了在糖腈乙酰酯法制备单糖衍生物过程中控制葡萄糖和半乳糖不出杂峰的条件，并给出了一套快速、准确和实用的日常分析方法。

Iba 2002. Both the Arabidopsis fad5 mutant, which lacks an active chloroplast x-9 fatty acid desaturase and accumulates high levels of palmitic acid (16:0), and the fad6 mutant, which lacks an active x-6 fatty acid desaturase and accumulates high levels of palmitoleic acid (16:1) and oleic acid (18:1), have reduced levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the chloroplast galactolipids.

两个拟南芥突变体的叶绿体半乳糖脂含有较少的多不饱和脂肪酸：一种是拟南芥fad5突变体，它缺乏有活性的叶绿体的X-9脂肪酸去饱和酶，因而积累了高浓度的棕榈酸（ 16：0 ）；另一种是拟南芥fad6突变体，它缺乏一个有活性的 X - 6脂肪酸脱氢酶因而积累了高浓度的软脂酸（ 16：1 ）和油酸（ 18：1 ）。

Pectinase is heterogeneous group of related enzymes that hydrolyze the pectic substances, which can break down complex pectin into simpler molecules like galacturonic acids.

果胶酶是一类分解果胶质的酶的总称，它能将复杂的果胶分解为半乳糖醛酸等小分子。

The optimum broken temperature of the tomato had been confirmed by determining the impact of broken temperature on the activity of pectous enzyme and the solvency of the product.

针对加工番茄品种，通过研究破碎温度对其果胶酯酶和聚半乳糖醛酸酶活力的影响，以及破碎温度对产品的冲调性的影响，确定番茄合适的破碎温度。

The compositions can also contain microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, anhydrous lactose, magnesium stearate, micronized edetate calcium disodium hydrous, and micronized sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate.

所述组合物也可以包含微晶纤维素、交联羧甲纤维素钠、无水乳糖、硬脂酸镁、微粒化的含水乙二胺四乙酸钙二钠和微粒化的硫代硫酸钠五水合物。

In the in vivo study, 100 ICR mice were randomly assigned to 5 groups after paired by body weight as following: Group N (negative control group, peritoneally injected by saline daily); Group C (positive control group, peritoneally injected by D-galactose and saline daily); Group L, M, and H (peritoneally injected by D-galactose and intragastric administered with TP at 100, 200, 400 mg/day, respectively). Mice were sacrificed for histology and biochemistry studies after 8 weeks.

在动物体内实验中，选择清洁级ICR纯系小鼠100只，按体质量随机分为5组：阴性对照组每天腹腔注射生理盐水，其余4组每天腹腔注射120 mg/kg D-半乳糖以建立小鼠衰老模型，同时阳性对照组每日以生理盐水灌胃，L、M、H组分别以每日100、200、400 mg/kg TP灌胃。8周后处死小鼠，获取心肌标本进行组织学研究和生化检测。

In order to decrease toxicities of retinods and enhance pharmacal effects and gain the relative derivatives with better curing effect and selectivity, structures of retinoic acids were modified by inducing glycosyl groups in this paper.

方法一是在氢氧化钾存在下，以4-二甲氨基吡啶做相转移催化剂，将溴代-O-乙酰基葡萄糖(5a)、溴代-O-乙酰基木糖(5b)、溴代-O-乙酰基乳糖(5c)和溴代-O-乙酰基麦芽糖(5d)分别与异维A酸反应制得1-O-异维A酰-乙酰基单糖(6a，6b)和1-O-异维A酰-乙酰基二糖(6c，6d)，收率为53～65%。

The effect of activities of polygalacturoase on pathogenicity in Phytophthora sojae was investigated.

就大豆疫霉根腐病菌多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（Polygalacturonase，PG）活性对其致病力的影响进行了研究。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新