乳管

The lactifer of Hevea brasiliensis is the place where latex was synthesized and stored, and is the most important structure which determined the latex yields. The lactifer differentiation is one of the main factors which affect the latex synthesis.

巴西橡胶树的乳管是合成与贮存胶乳的地方，也是决定橡胶产量的最重要的结构成份，乳管分化是影响橡胶树胶乳生产的三个主要因素之一。

It is speculated that the gene EtIe1 may be involved in the regulation of Eth-induced senescence of latecifers in Hevea brasiliensis.

乙烯利刺激在促进橡胶树增产的同时，还加速了橡胶树和乳管衰老，我们推测该基因可能参与乙烯利刺激促进橡胶树乳管衰老的过程。

Results: Of the 45 cases, 5 cases were diagnosed as breast cancer, 9 papilloma, 4 papillomatosis, 12 mammary duct ectasia, 10 inflammatory disease of mammary, and 5 normal breast.

结果：镜检诊断乳腺癌5例，乳头状瘤9例，乳头状瘤病4例，乳管扩张症12例，乳管炎症10例，未发现异常5例，经病理证实符合率97.2%。

Results: Of the 45 cases, 5 cases were diagnosed as breast cancer, 9 papilloma, 4 papillomatosis, 12 mammary duct ectasia, 10 inflammatory disease of mammaly, and 5 normal breast.

结果：镜检诊断乳腺癌5例，乳头状瘤9例，乳头状瘤病4例，乳管扩张症12例，乳管炎症10例，未发现异常5例，经病理证实符合率97.2%。

Results Of 548 patients with nipple discharge, the FDS diagnosis was galactophoritis in 59 cases, ductal ectasia in 117 cases, ductal ectasia coexistent with galactophoritis in 185 cases, intraductal papilloma in 159 cases, intraductal papillomatosis in 12 cases and breast carcinoma in 16 cases. One hundred and thirty-five cases had surgical therapy in our hospital, among them, 91 cases had tumor resection or segmentectomy under localization by FDS, and 44 cases had segmentectomy after breast duct infusion with methylene blue.

结果 548例乳头溢液病例中，FDS下诊断为乳管炎59例(10.8%)，乳腺导管扩张症117例(21.4%)，乳腺导管扩张合并乳管炎185例(33.4%)，乳管内乳头状瘤159例(29.0%)，乳管内乳头状瘤病12例(2.2%)，乳腺癌16例(2.9%)。135例在我院接受手术治疗，其中91例在FDS定位下行肿瘤切除或区段切除手术，44例按常规经溢液乳管内注射染料美蓝后再行选择性区段切除。

Laticifer is an important structural component for rubber production and is also important to protect the rubber tree structure.

乳管同时也是橡胶树的重要保护结构，橡胶是乳管中一种重要的防御应答诱导的次生代谢产物。

The techniques for measuring Hevea laticiferous turgor pressure which have been reported are summarized. The commonly used three methods used for measuring Hevea laticiferous turgor pressure have their limitation in deep and systematic observation of the variation of Hevea laticiferous turgor pressure and are not involved in the study of the variation of laticiferous turgor pressure under the normal ethrel stimulated tapping system. A possibility of using an improved cell pressure probe method which has been recently established for other plants is discussed in accurate measurement of the real time variation of Hevea laticiferous turgor pressure.

本文综述了橡胶树乳管膨压的测定技术及其变化规律的研究结果，发现现有的几种乳管膨压测定技术均存在一定缺憾，对乳管膨压变化规律的研究也因测定方法等的限制不够深入、系统，且未与目前生产上普遍使用的乙烯利刺激割胶制度联系起来；并展望了将植物细胞压力探针技术改进后用于橡胶树乳管膨压测定研究的可能性。

JA is a crucial signal molecule in inducing cambia to differentiate the secondary laticifer, and a local high level of JA in cooperating with other plant hormones, especially cytokinin, is prerequisite for the secondary laticifer differentiation.

研究表明，茉莉酸是诱导乳管分化的关键信号分子，局部高水平的茉莉酸是诱导维管形成层细胞分化次生乳管所必需的，同时需要其它激素的协同作用。

By using the "mechanical wounding"experimental system estabilished by us, and light- and electron microscopy, autoradiography and radioisotope technique, immuno-fluorescence localization, homologous clone and RACE technique, in situ mRNA hybridization and ELISA et al., we investigated the relationship between the transportation of exogenous JA and the secondary laticifer differentiation, the relationship between the producton and accumulation of endogenous JA and the laticifer differentiation from cambia, and the effect of appling exogenous jasmonates on the natural rubber production.

利用我们建立的机械伤害诱导乳管分化的实验系统，采用光学显微镜和电子显微镜技术、同位素示踪和放射自显影技术、免疫荧光定位技术、同源克隆和RACE技术、mRNA原位杂交和ELISA等技术，研究了外源茉莉酸在橡胶树体内的移动及其对维管形成层分化次生乳管的诱导效应、内源茉莉酸与乳管分化的关系以及茉莉酸类物质对天然橡胶产量的影响。

Rubber trees initiate laticifer differentiation in June and July while no laticifer differentiation occur during the periods from November to May under natural conditions on Hainan Island. Application of jasmonates induced laticifer formation in both immature and mature rubber trees. Tapping and/or pre-tapping enhanced the ability of vascular cambia to differentiate the secondary laticifers.

结果表明，在海南岛自然条件下，乳管分化开始于6~7月份，在11月～翌年的5月没有乳管分化；割胶包括正式割胶前的预割能显著提高橡胶树形成层分化乳管的能力，其影响的范围相当大；外施茉莉酸对未开割树和割胶树的乳管分化都有促进作用。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。