乳房

Having the patient roll to one side, so that the breast on the examined side falls medially, may help differentiate breast and chest wall tenderness because the chest wall can be palpated separately from breast tissue.

此位置也可用于乳房自我检查，检查乳房时病人使用对侧手。病人转向一侧，受检乳房向内侧靠拢，因为触摸时胸壁和乳房组织分离，故此位有助于鉴别乳房和胸壁触痛。

About 25% of women older than 40 years have dense breast tissue, which makes it particularly difficult to distinguish between healthy and tumor tissue on a mammogram."We all know that mammography is not perfect," commented Eric Winder, MD, professor of medicine at the Dana Farber Cancer Institute, in Boston, Massachusetts. This new technique could be a useful adjunct, particularly in women with dense breasts. There is already increasing use of magnetic resonance imaging in such women, he noted, and this technique might offer an alternative."Strategies for breast cancer screening are becoming more individualized, and we are moving away from a 1-size-fits-all scenario," he commented at an ASCO press briefing that he moderated.

40岁以上的妇女有大约25%有致密乳房组织，使得特别难以藉由乳房摄影区别健康组织和肿瘤组织；达那-法柏癌症研究治疗中心医学教授、Eric Winder医师表示，我们都知道乳房摄影不是最好的，这个新技术可以是有用的辅助方式，特别是属於致密乳房组织的妇女；他指出，这类妇女使用磁振造影的人数已经增加，此技术或许可以提供另一种选择；他在主持ASCO的记者会时表示，乳癌筛检策略变得个人化，我们已经不再用一体适用的方案。

Tight underwear may also press breasts and lead to impaired blood circulation, which may result in swollen pain and hypogenesis of breasts, and have bad effects on figure and suckle.

束胸还会压迫乳房，使血液循环不畅，从而产生乳房下部血液淤滞而引起痛疼，乳房胀而不适，甚至造成乳头内陷，乳房发育不良，影响健美，也造成将来哺乳困难。

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap, latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap with breast prothesis, local flap and simple breast prothesis after skin-sparing mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction.

目的：观察保留乳房皮肤的乳腺切除后应用腹直肌肌皮瓣、背阔肌肌皮瓣加乳房假体、局部皮瓣与单纯乳房假体4种方式即刻再造乳房的效果。

Adolescent girls may have distending pains or itches on their breasts around menstruate because of incretion, but they shouldn't press breasts or poke niples, for fear of hurting the breasts and tainting.

若发现乳房过小或过大，双侧乳房发育不均，乳房不发育，乳房畸形以及乳房包块等现象不必惊慌失措，若发现这些情况，一是可通过健美运动促进胸肌发达，使乳房显得丰满，二是在医生指导下进行适当调治。

Choosing wrong underwear may result in many problems, for example, being too busty, malformed or anisomerous breasts and bumps on the breasts, ect..

例如是否配戴文胸，什么样的内衣才是最合适少女发育成长的，否则引起乳房发育不良，乳房过小或过大，两例乳房不匀称，乳房畸形以及乳房肿块等问题。

Inframammary fold is an important structure of breast,It has important reference in mammary plastic surgery and mammary aesthetics,meanwhile,it also is an important anatomic landmark in breast surgery as well as an important metered reference point in the surgery of breast orthopaedics.

乳房下皱襞是乳房的一个重要结构，对于乳房美学以及乳房整形外科手术都具有重要参考价值。同时它也是乳房外科的重要解剖标志，是乳房整形外科手术测量的一个重要参考点。

Methods Measurements were made in a group of 45 women volunteers aged from 22 to 45 years, who were satisfied with their breasts without any history of breast surgery. After the lateral arch of the breast as the reference value for breast size being chosen, breast-areola to nipple ratio was determined according to parameters measured as follows: weight, height, diameter of the breast, areola, and nipple, distances between the nipple and borders of the breast-superior, medial arch (to the medial end of the inframammary crease), lateral arch (to the lateral end of the inframammary crease), inferior arch (to the lowest point of the inframammary crease).

方法对45例22~45岁、对自己乳房满意且无乳房手术史的女性志愿者，分别测量体重、身高、乳头直径、乳晕直径、胸乳线(乳头至胸骨切迹连线距离)、乳房内侧半径(乳头至乳房下皱襞内侧止点连线距离)、乳房外侧半径(乳头至乳房下皱襞外侧止点连线距离)、乳房下半径(乳头至乳房下皱襞最低点连线距离)。

Results: Breast pain: Thirty two women (60.4％) experienced cyclicpremenstrual mastalgia, lasting 4 days. Average serum 〓 level and serum progesteronelevel of women with cyclic breast pain in luteal phase were higher than that of womenwithout breast pain.

乳房胀疼者(41.3±45.9pg／ml)血清雌二醇水平明显高于无乳房胀疼者(18.5±20.6pg／ml)，P＜0.01.236名绝经后妇女中仍有12.5％(29／232)有乳房症状，其中75.9％(22／29)为绝经1-5年的绝经后妇女，乳房胀疼者(24.3±27.1pg／ml)与无乳房胀疼者(21.3±25.8pg／ml)的血清雌二醇没有显著差异，P＞0.05。

The author also carried out a research on breast volume measurement and the body surface anatomy of 125 unmarried young women to fine out Chinese women's characteristics of breast volume measurement and the body surface anatomy and so no.

为了解中国女性乳房体积、形状及身体发育等方面的特点，对125名未婚青年女性进行了乳房体积测量及体表解剖学的研究，并将研究成果应用于临床，设计出双环形切口的乳房缩小整形术式。一、乳房体积测量和乳房体表解剖学的研究是开展乳房整形手术的基础，作者通过测量研究得出如下结论： 1、中国青年女性身体发育的特点： a、平均身高：159.00cm——160.00cm；平均体重：50.4kg——51.00kg；标准体重：身高减110 b、平均胸围差：2.0cm。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。