乡村的

After having reviewed, analyzed and discussed the history and advances of research on theories and methods of landscape classification between our country and others, based on the basic theories, principles and foundations, The paper combined the current situations and characteristics of the rural landscape of our country, put forward a kind of method of rural landscape classification named the method of functional and configurational classification which served rural landscape planning of small scale.

本文总结了国内外景观分类理论与方法的发展现状，分析了目前景观分类中的优缺点，结合我国乡村景观的现状和特点，运用乡村景观分类的基本理论，依据乡村景观分类的原则和依据，提出了一种基于小尺度的服务于乡村景观规划的乡村景观分类方法，即乡村景观功能形态分类法。

The rural settlement system is the fundamental unit of the rural inhabitable environment, It is a kind of rural life system, which has definite territory boundary and spatial concepts , also it is a rural human-environment territory system .

乡村住区系统是乡村人居环境的基本功能单元，是具有一定地域边界和空间内涵的乡村生活系统，也是一种乡村人地关系地域系统。

Instead they were concerned about the putative effects of rural "degeneration" on the Nation and its food supply, as seen most glaringly in notorious stories about inbred, mentally defective families such as the Jukes and the Kallikaks.9 In order to counteract what they thought was the growing insularity, narrowness, and anarchy of rural life, they spent much of their time contemplating ways to rehabilitate institutions such as the country school, country church, and local county government so that they would more closely resemble urban models.

与上述研究不同，他们关注的是假设的国家乡村"退化"的结果和食物供应问题，如臭名昭著的Jukes和Kallikaks这样的近亲交配、心理缺陷的家庭，这是个典型案例。[注9]为了对付他们称之为不断膨胀的狭隘、小气和混乱的乡村生活，他们花了大量时间专注于重整体系，如乡村学校、乡村教堂和地方乡村政府，他们打算为乡村建立一个类城市模式。

The change of the rural governance in the part of the State's viewpoint, the change of economic and political institution in rural area , the adjustment of law relation among familial members , and the evolvement of the social structure all have impacts on the effectiveness of family support for the elderly and oldster's welfare.

本文以治理和善治为分析框架，在实证研究的基础上，通过对传统时期、集体化时期、后集体时期的乡村治理与老人福利变迁的历史考察和后集体时期不同区域类型的乡村治理与老人福利的差异比较，得出如下结论：(1)不同时期老人福利状况不同，并不是家庭养老模式发生了变化，而是家庭养老的制度基础发生了变化，其关键因素是支持农村社区组织控制社区经济和约束社区成员的国家意识形态、经济体制、政治制度、法律文化等方面发生了变化；(2)中国发展是不均衡的，后集体时期，我国治理农村的制度框架基本相同，都是乡政村治、分户经营，但不同的地区的老人福利也有很大的差异，其主要原因是不同区域类型的村庄有不同的社会结构，其老人的社会地位和不孝行为所受村庄公共舆论约束力不同；不同区域的乡村组织状况不同，其乡村干部保障老人福利的意愿和力度不同；(3)在现有的乡村治理模式中，选举老人特别是在村庄定居的退休干部担任村组干部，发展自治性的老年协会和开展经常性的、群体性的老年文体娱乐活动，可以提高老人福利、改善乡村治理。

So, the conception of the rural tourism is, in a narrow sense, one of tourist activities that occurs at rural areas and aims at the natural and human tourist attractions with the rurality.

通过对现有一些乡村旅游概念的比较和分析，乡村性应该是界定乡村旅游的最重要标志，因此，狭义的乡村旅游，是指在乡村地区，以具有乡村性的自然和人文客体为旅游吸引物的旅游活动。

Besides, the rurality in such kind of tourism was emphasized and the rural industry tourism was supposed to be integrated into the general system of rural tourism.

强调乡村工业旅游区别于一般工业旅游的特点，并提出乡村工业旅游亦属于乡村旅游范畴，将其纳入乡村旅游系统进行整体开发与经营。

Rural tourism is one of the tourist forms developed in the conventional rural areas. Its attractions are conventional rural environment, senery, farm products and rustication.

乡村旅游是指在传统乡村地区开展的旅游，它以乡村自然环境、风景、物产及乡村生活为旅游吸引物。

While if we are emphasizing,countryside teachs course of study of teachers training school property, take seriously from sociological, anthropologic the communal sex problem that waits for a perspective to discuss rustic teacher, so, the new form that we can discover to the rustic teacher transmission to knowledge, discovery, creation and society are affected, also make the connotation of rustic teacher more rich thereby, such ability reveals the at the country important sense of rustic teacher, ability makes much appearance of form of rustic teacher development colorful, the society that finish is ideal, enjoy life happiness.

假如我们在强调乡村教师专业性质的同时，重视从社会学、人类学等视角探索乡村教师的公共性新问题，那么，我们就会发现乡村教师对知识的传播、发现、创造和社会影响的新形式，从而也使乡村教师的内涵更加丰富，如此才能彰显乡村教师之于农村的重要意义，才能使乡村教师发展形式多姿多彩，完成社会理想，享受人生幸福。

It not only points out that the main consumers of this market are urban citizens,but also subdivides the consumer source market and conducts an analysis of rural tour demand.

在文章中不但指出了乡村旅游的市场主体是城市居民，而且对客源市场进行了细分，在此基础上对乡村旅游的消费需求进行了分析，对乡村&意象&的追寻是旅游者对乡村最重要的需求，发现和营造乡村之美是乡村旅游产品产生的源泉。

Instead they were concerned about the putative effects of rural "degeneration" on the Nation and its food supply, as seen most glaringly in notorious stories about inbred, mentally defective families such as the Jukes and the Kallikaks.9 In order to counteract what they thought was the growing insularity, narrowness, and anarchy of rural life, they spent much of their time contemplating ways to rehabilitate institutions such as the country school, country church, and local county government so that they would more closely resemble urban models.

与上述研究不同，他们关注的是假设的国家乡村&退化&的结果和食物供应问题，如臭名昭著的Jukes和Kallikaks这样的近亲交配、心理缺陷的家庭，这是个典型案例。[注9]为了对付他们称之为不断膨胀的狭隘、小气和混乱的乡村生活，他们花了大量时间专注于重整体系，如乡村学校、乡村教堂和地方乡村政府，他们打算为乡村建立一个类城市模式。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。