乡村

After having reviewed, analyzed and discussed the history and advances of research on theories and methods of landscape classification between our country and others, based on the basic theories, principles and foundations, The paper combined the current situations and characteristics of the rural landscape of our country, put forward a kind of method of rural landscape classification named the method of functional and configurational classification which served rural landscape planning of small scale.

本文总结了国内外景观分类理论与方法的发展现状，分析了目前景观分类中的优缺点，结合我国乡村景观的现状和特点，运用乡村景观分类的基本理论，依据乡村景观分类的原则和依据，提出了一种基于小尺度的服务于乡村景观规划的乡村景观分类方法，即乡村景观功能形态分类法。

Instead they were concerned about the putative effects of rural "degeneration" on the Nation and its food supply, as seen most glaringly in notorious stories about inbred, mentally defective families such as the Jukes and the Kallikaks.9 In order to counteract what they thought was the growing insularity, narrowness, and anarchy of rural life, they spent much of their time contemplating ways to rehabilitate institutions such as the country school, country church, and local county government so that they would more closely resemble urban models.

与上述研究不同，他们关注的是假设的国家乡村"退化"的结果和食物供应问题，如臭名昭著的Jukes和Kallikaks这样的近亲交配、心理缺陷的家庭，这是个典型案例。[注9]为了对付他们称之为不断膨胀的狭隘、小气和混乱的乡村生活，他们花了大量时间专注于重整体系，如乡村学校、乡村教堂和地方乡村政府，他们打算为乡村建立一个类城市模式。

The change of the rural governance in the part of the State's viewpoint, the change of economic and political institution in rural area , the adjustment of law relation among familial members , and the evolvement of the social structure all have impacts on the effectiveness of family support for the elderly and oldster's welfare.

本文以治理和善治为分析框架，在实证研究的基础上，通过对传统时期、集体化时期、后集体时期的乡村治理与老人福利变迁的历史考察和后集体时期不同区域类型的乡村治理与老人福利的差异比较，得出如下结论：(1)不同时期老人福利状况不同，并不是家庭养老模式发生了变化，而是家庭养老的制度基础发生了变化，其关键因素是支持农村社区组织控制社区经济和约束社区成员的国家意识形态、经济体制、政治制度、法律文化等方面发生了变化；(2)中国发展是不均衡的，后集体时期，我国治理农村的制度框架基本相同，都是乡政村治、分户经营，但不同的地区的老人福利也有很大的差异，其主要原因是不同区域类型的村庄有不同的社会结构，其老人的社会地位和不孝行为所受村庄公共舆论约束力不同；不同区域的乡村组织状况不同，其乡村干部保障老人福利的意愿和力度不同；(3)在现有的乡村治理模式中，选举老人特别是在村庄定居的退休干部担任村组干部，发展自治性的老年协会和开展经常性的、群体性的老年文体娱乐活动，可以提高老人福利、改善乡村治理。

Through the comparison and analysis of the present conceptions of the rural tourism, this paper argues that the rurality is the most important characteristic of defining the conception of the rural tourism.

通过对现有一些乡村旅游概念的比较和分析，乡村性应该是界定乡村旅游的最重要标志，因此，狭义的乡村旅游，是指在乡村地区，以具有乡村性的自然和人文客体为旅游吸引物的旅游活动。

This means that the understanding of agricultural activities is still an important element in understanding modern rurality.

乡村性是描述、判断乡村之所以为乡村的标准，过去许多研究倾向透过实证取径的指标测量，描述乡村性组成之元素，对这样的研究而言，农业生产仅是对乡村性探讨中的一个变项，在农业活动已然式微的今日乡村中，有些学者认为农业已失去在乡村性讨论上的重要性，然而本研究从社会再现的观点思考乡村性，认为乡村居民日常言语所透露出的概念、意象、符号可作为描绘乡村形象的依据，而乡村民众日常言语的表现，又受其生活经验、所接收资讯等的影响，对部分生活在乡村的居民而言，仍视农业为其最重要的生活经验，这说明了对农业活动的理解，仍是探讨乡村性一个重要的面向。

So, the conception of the rural tourism is, in a narrow sense, one of tourist activities that occurs at rural areas and aims at the natural and human tourist attractions with the rurality.

通过对现有一些乡村旅游概念的比较和分析，乡村性应该是界定乡村旅游的最重要标志，因此，狭义的乡村旅游，是指在乡村地区，以具有乡村性的自然和人文客体为旅游吸引物的旅游活动。

A TRIP TO THE COUNTRY乡村游记One Sunday my motherhadme take my little young brother to the atrip to the country.

去郊野乡村游记一个星期天我的母亲我要我的小兄弟年轻的访问该国。

A TRIP TO the COUNTRY乡村游记One Sunday my motherhadme take my little young brother to the atrip to the country.

有一个星期日，我母亲叫我带小弟弟去乡村游历。

This paper is maining on the composing system of rural landscape image planning, that is the establishment of country carrier exhibiting system-rural settlements image, rural architecture image, rural environment image and their renovation and reconstruction; and the refiguring means of country landscape image- reconstruction, recombination and creation of ideal environmental feeling.

本文探索的重点内容在于乡村景观意象规划的组成系统，即乡村载体展现体系的建构——乡村聚落意象、乡土建筑意象、乡村环境意象及其有机更新与改造；以及乡村景观意象再塑造手段——乡村景观意象重构、乡村景观意象整合、乡村景观意象造境。

Politically, the thought on rural construction aims at the realization of political autonomy and democracy, fostering the consciousness of democracy in the hearts of Chinese peasants; economically, all experimental areas, guided by the thought, lead themselves to economic cooperation and the development of rural industry, making a significant tryout for the building of the modern economy in the rural area.The reflection on the modernization of rural social organizations and rural people leads to the understanding that the reconstruction of rural social organizations and the overall improvement of the peasants quality is the prerequisite of the modernization in the rural area. Meanwhile, this reflection helps to spread into the rural areas the conceptions of democracy and science.

民国乡村建设思想政治上以实现乡村政治的自治化和民主化为主要目标，培养了农民的民主意识；经济上引导乡村经济走合作化道路和开办乡村工业，为乡村现代经济的建设做出了有益的尝试；文化上关于乡村社会组织和人的现代化的思考，不仅让人们认识到农村社会组织重建和农民素质全方位的提高是乡村现代化的前提，而且也在一定程度上把民主和科学的理念传播到了乡村。

By the time of its fall, most of the prisoners were writers who had written against the corruptions of the government.

到它被攻陷的时候，里面多数的犯人是写了反对政府贪污文章的作家。

The most obvious variation to ovum morphological character was that the color was changed from light green to sepiaceous in embryonic development, and all the ovums were almost hatched after 96h.

在胚胎发育过程中卵的形态特征最明显的变化是颜色从淡绿到深褐色，卵在发育96h后卵基本全部孵化。