习语

The result tells that at the beginning of English learning, semantic competence plays a major part in causing pragmatic failure while in the senior stage; social cognitive competence is the major cause. The thesis based on the research result establishes a semiotic Competence Cultivating Teaching Model in which markedness theory ,theory of interlanguage and interculture and content teaching approach are used to improve semiotic competence and reduce pragmatic failure.

研究结果也对语言学习者和教授者提出了一个新的问题，即在语言教学过程中，如何适当考虑语义能力，解释能力和社会认知能力三者的关系，构建一个教学模型，可以把这三者整体纳入语用能力培养的方案之中，笔者尝试性的提出一个解决方案，借用当前的词义习得标记性理论，过渡语与过渡文化理论和内容教学法理论，构建了一个符号能力发展模型，认为该模型将有利于学习者提高符号能力，进而减少语用失误。

Therefore, discourse acquisition should also be studied as part of SLA research.

因而语篇习得也应是二语习得研究的重要内容。

After more than 30 years' development, the range of the SLA study has expanded continuously.

第二语言习得已经发展成为一门独立的边缘交叉学科，经过30 多年的发展历程，近年来二语习得研究的领域不断扩展。

in the past thirty years, l2 vocabulary acquisition has become one of the hottest areas of sla.

三十多年来，二语词汇习得研究成为二语习得研究中最热点的下属领域之一。

Chapter One of this dissertation deals with the UG theory, the logical problems of language acquisition and three hypotheses concerning the role of UG in L2 acquisition; Chapter Two interprets English and Chinese wh-questions, wh-movement as well as the principles of Subjacency and the ECP; Chapter Three reviews the main studies on wh-movement constraint in L2 acquisition in the past two decades; Chapter Four concerns the research methodology adopted in this study; Chapter Five involves collection, analysis and discussion of the data obtained in the GJ Task; Chapter Six is the conclusions.

等等。本文的第一章主要介绍普遍语法理论、普遍语法和二语习得的关系以及前人对普遍语法可及性的三种假设；第二章解释英语和汉语特殊疑问句、疑问词移动以及界限原则和空语类原则规律；第三章回顾前人对母语为汉语的人习得英语时对疑问词移动限制的可及性研究并提出本次研究的假设；第四章主要介绍本次研究的方法；第五章主要涉及研究中的数据收集、分析和讨论；第六章是研究的结论。

Vocabulary instruction is an indispensable part of foreign language teaching. Vocabulary acquisition includes the knowledge of its orthographical and phonological form, meanings, grammatical behavior, collocations, register, etc.

词汇教学是外语教学的重要组成部分，习得一个词汇包括习得它的发音、拼写、意义、语法形式、搭配、语域等多个方面。

Second language acquisition is just one aspect of acculturation and the degree to which a learner acculturates to the target language group will control the degree to which he acquires the second language.

二语习得只是文化适应的一个方面。一个学习者习得二语的程度将取决于他对目标语言文化适应的程度。

The complicacies of SI determine that the uses of many interpreting strategies or techniques like omission, addition and substitution will be inevitable, which has been touched upon in much SI literature.

作者从比较真实会议原语及译语录音出发，证实了在所研究数据中，同传译员采取二语习得中的部分交际策略来保证信息的传递和交流。

While researchers who are interested in the social and cultural aspects of language learning challenge the mainstream and argue that it is individualistic and mechanistic, and obviates insight into the nature of language and the language use of second or foreign language speakers.

近年来，人们对语言学习中社会、政治和文化因素的研究兴趣加深，研究者们对认知法框架下的二语习得主流传统提出挑战，认为语言和习得不应仅被视为认知和个体现象，不应无视其社会性。

How to Acquire Language without Positive Evidence: What Acquisitionists can Learn from Creoles.

如何在没有肯证据情况下习得语言：语言习得专家可以从克理奥尔语中学到什么＞刊于《语言创造和语言改变

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。