乙醇酸

By the present of DMF, attractions arising from hydroxyl groups increased, and it is more favored to forming hydrogen bonds between amino acids; repusings arising from apolar alkyl groups side-chaines have little change ,but they increase with increasing alkyl groups, llydroxyl groups assist in the formation of hydrogen bonds in interior protein molecules, alkyl groups assist in the highly extension of peptide chaines, these make protein structure stabilized.

而L-缬氨酸非极性侧基的排斥作用在15％乙醇中最大，随乙醇含量的进一步增加，排斥作用的影响逐渐减小，吸引作用的影响逐渐占据主导，且越来越大。

Suitable water-immiscible organic solvents include aromatic hydrocarbons, eg toluene, xylene, naphthalene, tetrahydronaphthalene and methyl naphthalene; chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons, eg chlorobenzene, fluorobenzene, chloronaphthalene and bromonaphthalene; esters, eg butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate, benzyl benzoate, butyl benzoate, phenylethyl acetate, butyl lactate, benzyl lactate, diethyleneglycol dipropionate, dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; alcohols having six or more carbon atoms, eg hexanol, octanol, benzyl alcohol, phenyl ethanol, phenoxy ethanol, phenoxy propanol and phenoxy butanol; ethers having at least 5 carbon atoms, preferably C 5-14 ethers, eg anisole and phenetol; nitrocellulose, cellulose ether, cellulose acetate; low odour petroleum distillates; turpentine; white spirits; naphtha; isopropylbiphenyl; terpene; vegetable oil; mineral oil; essential oil; and natural oil; and mixtures of any two or more thereof.

适用于水互溶的有机溶剂包括芳香族碳氢化合物，如甲苯，二甲苯，萘，四氢萘和甲基萘；氯代芳香族碳氢化合物，如氯苯，氟，氯萘和萘；酯类，如醋酸丁酯，醋酸乙酯，苯甲酸甲酯，苯甲酸乙酯，苄酯，苯甲酸正丁酯，苯，醋酸丁酯乳酸，乳酸苄，二甘醇二丙酸酯，邻苯二甲酸二甲酯，邻苯二甲酸二乙酯，邻苯二甲酸二丁酯，二（2乙基己基）酯；醇有6个或更多碳原子，如己醇，辛醇，苯甲醇，苯乙醇，苯氧基乙醇，丙醇和苯氧基苯氧丁醇；醚至少有5个碳原子，最好荤5-14醚，如苯甲醚和phenetol；硝化棉，纤维素醚，醋酸纤维素，低气味石油蒸馏；松节油；白酒，石脑油isopropylbiphenyl；萜类，植物油，矿物油，挥发油；和天然油，以及任何两个或两个以上其混合物。

The results indicated that the use of such membrane could achieve satisfactory separation effects (condensate of high alcoholicity and rich flavoring substances was obtained, membrane-flowing rate: ethanol＞esters except ethyl lactate＞aldehyde＞other alcohol＞water), the membrane had good selectivity to ethanol and ethyl caproate had good membrane-flowing rate and membrane-passing percentage, however, ethyl lactate, aldehyde and methanol had poor mambrane-passing percentage with heavy loss during membrane-passing.

结果表明，渗透汽化膜有良好的分离性能，可得到高酒精度、香味物质富集的冷凝液；过膜速率：乙醇＞酯类＞醛类＞其他醇类＞水；膜对乙醇选择性好，己酸乙酯的过膜率及过膜速率高；乳酸乙酯、醛类及甲醇过膜率较小、损失量较大；渗透汽化膜用于白酒的香气成分分离有良好的工业应用前景。

The main chemical components of Bulgaria are Citronellol、Trans-Geraniol、Nerol、Methyl eugenol、Linalool、β-Phenyl ethyl alcohol. The main chemical components of Xinjiang Province areβ-citronellol、trans-geraniol,β-phenyl ethyl alcoho, farnesol, geranellyl acetete, 7-octamoic acid ethyl ester.

保加利亚玫瑰油的主要成分为β-香茅醇、反式－香叶醇、橙花醇、芳樟醇、β-苯乙醇、甲基丁子香酚；新疆玫瑰油的主要成分为β-香茅醇、反式-香叶醇、β-苯乙醇、7-辛烯酸乙酯、乙酸香叶酯、金合欢醇。

Extracts with higher antioxidant abilities, including hot water and ethanol extracts of Boehmeria nivea leaves and roots, were screened and then added into soy bean oil to study effects on oil stabilities of oxidation during storage and also to develop new XO paste products containing Boehmeria nivea leaves and roots. The extents of oil oxidation in XO paste were evaluated by measuring POV and TBA values. Results indicated that after 8 day storage at 70℃, the POV values of soy bean oil with addition of 0.1% of ethanol extracts of leaf and root were 56.27± 0.12 meq/kg and 57.13± 0.50 meq/kg respectively, which were both greater than that of control samples(53.33 ±0.31 meq/kg), showing that extracts of leaf and root do not have the abilities to inhibit oxidation of soy bean oil.

第二部分将抗氧化能力较高的萃取物，包括苎麻叶与根的热水及乙醇萃取物添加於大豆油中，探讨其对油脂贮藏安定性之影响及开发加入苎麻叶或根的XO酱产品，并藉由测定油脂中过氧化价(peroxide value，POV)和硫巴比妥酸值(thiobar-bituric acid value，TBA)值评估其油脂氧化程度，结果贮存在70℃下第8天时，添加0.1 %苎麻叶与根乙醇萃取物，其POV值分别为56.27±0.12 meq/kg与57.13±0.50 meq/kg，皆较对照组(53.33 ±0.31 meq/kg)高，显示以0.1 %的苎麻叶和根萃取物添加大豆油中并不具抑制油脂氧化作用。

In order to explore the mechanism of 'brumal jujube' of maturation and scenescence and ethanol accumulation, We not only studied the quality and the post-harvest physiological and biochemical changes of 'brumal jujube' after treatment with hormone during storage, but also investigated the effects of CAi (C027%~10%02+ 2~5%C02) and CA2:(7%~10%02, C02 2%) on the changes of fermentation volatiles, activity of enzymes , the kind and content of sugar and organic acid during storage in this paper. Firstly announced the reason of ethanol accumulation under higher C02 level and discussed the mechanism of ethanol accumulation during the end of storage.

本研究以冬枣为试材，采后采用激素进行处理，通过对贮藏期间果实品质、生理生化指标、果实衰老相关指标和酶活性的测定，系统探讨了外源激素处理对果实采后品质及衰老的调控作用；另外对点红冬枣采用CA_1：(7％～10％O_2+2～5％CO_2)和CA_2：(7％～10％O_2、CO_2≤2％)进行气调贮藏，通过测定冬枣果实品质、乙醇发酵相关酶活性及代谢产物、糖酵解底物及参与三羧酸循环代谢的有机酸含量和种类，研究了冬枣贮藏后期乙醇积累的机制，探讨了枣果不耐高浓度CO_2贮藏的原因。

In present study, a liquid-liquid extraction method was employed to extract the volatile components in mulberry fruit sparkling wine. The analysis with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detected 69 peaks, among which 63 volatile components were identified. The first 9 volatile components with high relative content were benzyl alcohol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, mono-(2-ethylhexyl)-1, 2-benzene dicarboxylic acid, 3-methyl-1-butanol, toluene, acrylic acid butyl ester, 1H-indole-3-ethanol, isodecyl octyl phthalate and decyl octyl phthalate.

采用液－液萃取法提取桑椹汽酒中的挥发性成分，经气相色谱－质谱联机分析，共检测出69个峰，鉴定出63种挥发性化合物，其相对含量排在前9位的挥发性化合物分别是苯乙醇、2-甲基－1-丁醇、1，2-苯二酸单（2-乙基）己酯、3-甲基－1-丁醇、甲苯、丙烯酸丁酯、1H-吲哚－3-乙醇、邻苯二甲酸异癸基辛基二酯、邻苯二甲酸癸基辛基二酯。

Alcohols were administered with water by stomach tube and the glucuronic acid output for each alcohol was determined simultaneously on three animals.

乙醇和水给于是通过胃管和对每种乙醇的葡萄糖醛酸产生在3个动物同时测定。

Based on relative literatures,this part has included five resesearch aspects as below.1 Fifteen compounds were isolated and purified by extraction,column chromatography,and their structures were determined on the basis of spectral analysis: acteoside(Ⅰ-1),isoacteoside(Ⅰ-2),crenatoside(Ⅰ-3),cistanoside F(Ⅰ-4),sinapoyl-4-O-β-D-glucoside(Ⅰ-5),adenosine(Ⅰ-6),β-siterol(Ⅰ-7),oleanic acid(Ⅰ-8), succinic acid(Ⅰ-9),caffeic acid(Ⅰ-10),protocatechuic aldehyde(Ⅰ-11),p-hydro xybenzyl alcohol(Ⅰ-12),β-daucosterol(Ⅰ-13),D-galacitol(Ⅰ-14),D-mannitol(Ⅰ-15).Ⅰ-4～15 were obtained from this plant for the first time,andⅠ-6,7,9,and 13 were isolated from Orobanche genus for the first time.2 The scavenging test of DPPH showed that most compounds have comparative antioxidant activity as L-ascorbic acid and part of them show better activity such as the O.coerulescens extract and phenylethanoid glycosides.Acteoside showed potent free radical scavenging effects with a median inhibition concentration of 25.6μg/ml.3 The anti-HBV activities of acteoside,isoacteoside and crenatoside were measured,and all of them showed suppressive activity on the expression of HBsAg and HBeAg in the HepG2.2.15 cell line.

本论文在文献调研基础上对紫花列当化学成分及生物活性进行了研究，并从免疫抗病毒角度探讨紫花列当中特征性成分类叶升麻苷的肝保护作用及其机制。1采用大孔树脂、硅胶和Sephadex LH-20等色谱技术对紫花列当进行系统的植物化学研究，从中分离得到19个化合物，利用UV和NMR等波谱手段及理化性质鉴定了其中的15个化合物，分别为类叶升麻苷(Ⅰ-1)、异类叶升麻苷(Ⅰ-2)、crenatoside(Ⅰ-3)、cistanoside F(Ⅰ-4)、sinapoyl-4-O-β-D-glucoside(Ⅰ-5)、腺苷(Ⅰ-6)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅰ-7)、齐墩果酸(Ⅰ-8)、琥珀酸(Ⅰ-9)、咖啡酸(Ⅰ-10)、原儿茶醛(Ⅰ-11)、对羟甲基苯甲酸(Ⅰ-12)、β-胡萝卜苷(Ⅰ-13)、D-半乳糖醇(Ⅰ-14)和甘露醇(Ⅰ-15除化合物Ⅰ-1、Ⅰ-2和Ⅰ-3外，其余化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。2)通过大孔树脂富集该药材有效部位苯乙醇总苷，并采用HPLC测得其所含特征性成分类叶升麻苷的含量可达80%以上。3DPPH自由基清除试验显示紫花列当提取物及其所含的苯乙醇苷类化合物均具有较好的抗氧化能力，其清除DPPH自由基能力接近于抗坏血酸。4采用卡介苗整体致敏、脂多糖离体攻击构建大鼠原代肝细胞免疫性损伤模型，在体外观察类叶升麻苷的保肝作用。

The results of this reseach showed that administration of SF intracolonically had protective effect on the colon injury in the rat model of colitis induced by acetic acid enema, which was probably due to the mechanism of antioxidation, inhibition ofarachidonic acid metabolis and platelets activation, administration of SF intracolonically also showed protective effect on the colon injury in the rat model of colitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid and ethanol, which was probably due to antioxidation and inhibition of macrophages activation.

实验研究表明，大鼠分别经乙酸、TNBS和乙醇处理后均出现典型的结肠炎症状，给药后分别评价结肠粘膜损伤指标、结肠组织病理变化，检测结肠组织炎症指标、结肠组织氧化损伤指标及主要炎性细胞因子改变；实验结果：阿魏酸钠对大鼠乙酸性结肠炎结肠粘膜损伤具有缓解保护作用，其机制可能与直接抑制炎症结肠粘膜花生四烯酸代谢过度，抑制血小板活化，清除大量氧自由基有关；阿魏酸钠对大鼠TNBS性结肠炎粘膜免疫损伤亦具有缓解保护作用，其机制可能与抗氧化，抑制结肠巨噬细胞活化有关。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。