乙酸水解

Originally techniques dropped formaldehyde into the mixture of phosphorous acid and monosodium of imino diacetic acid in high temperature.

原工艺采用的是在酸性条件下高温时将甲醛滴加到亚磷酸与亚氨基二乙酸一钠盐混合溶液中进行反应，考虑到工业上亚磷酸的合成一般采用三氯化磷水解、提浓、结晶制得，直接将三氯化磷用于双甘膦的合成，不仅可以简化操作过程，而且对于降低生产成本和能耗有明显意义。

Glyoxylic acid was prepared by reaction of sodium hydroxide surplus with methyl dichloroacetate in methanol solution via neutralization of filtrate with 50 percentage sulfuric acid to pH 2～3 and hydrolyzation after separation of salts.

二氯乙酸甲酯和过量的氢氧化钠在甲醇溶液中反应，滤出氯化钠后，直接加入适量的 5 0 %的硫酸调 pH值为 2～ 3，滤出硫酸钠，蒸馏回收甲醇，水解、浓缩，得到不含乙二醛的 4 0 %乙醛酸溶液。

D limonene was distributed among the culture flasks (200 mg/L). The flasks were incubated at 28oC on a rotary shaker (r/min=120) for 5 days. On completion, the culture broth were successively extracted with EtOAc. The extract was quantitatively measured by gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis, The results showed that biocatalytic reactions were comprised of oxidation, including hydroxylation and ketonization which occurred at different positions of the D limonene, as well as hydrogenation, hydrolyzation, esterification and cyclic cleavage. These bacteria strains possess the distinctive biocatalytic capacities towards the D limonene. A series of terpenoids, including sesqui , di and tri terpernoids were also observed,which was accounted for D limonene had influence on the metabolites of marine bacteria.

以2216E为培养基，添加200mg/L的柠檬烯，在28℃，以120 r/min摇瓶培养5 d，用乙酸乙酯提取培养液，经GC MS分析其转化产物，结果显示，这些细菌能在柠檬烯的不同位置进行羟基化、羰基化等，并伴随有还原、水解、酯化、开环等反应，但转化能力和转化程度不同；在产物中，还检测到系列结构不同的其它萜类：包括倍半萜、二萜以及三萜等，这些萜类化合物的产生跟柠檬烯的加入有关，说明柠檬烯能影响细菌代谢产物的产生。

The free fatty acids were extracted with petroleum ether and were separated on silicon gel column chromatography. The ethyl acetate-soluble lipid fraction and water-soluble lipid fraction were subjected to hydrochloric acid-catalyzed methanolysis, then were extracted with petroleum ether, respectively.

用石油醚提取低极性组分，经硅胶柱层析分离得到游离脂肪酸；用乙酸乙酯提取酯溶性神经酰胺及其衍生脂类，提取物和残余的水溶性脂类分别经盐酸甲醇解，水解产物再用石油醚提取。

Deoxybenzoin(3) was prepareded by using the resorcinol and substituted phenylacetic as starting meterials in microwave-mediated.Then the compound(3) was reacted with acetic anhydride to produce(4).The compound(4) was hydrolyzed to convert compound(5) in the acid-mediated. The compound(5) was reacted with the 1,2-dibromo-ethane and 1,3-dibromo-propane in refluxed condition with acetone as solvent to give(6) or(7),respectively.Lastly,the title compounds were synthesized by refluxing(6) or(7) with 2-methyl-benzimidazole and potassium carbonate in acetone solution.

以取代苯乙酸和间苯二酚为起始原料，用微波辐射法合成脱氧安息香(3)，(3)与乙酸酐缩合生成2-甲基-7-乙酰氧基异黄酮(4)，(4)在酸性条件下水解生成相应的异黄酮(5)，化合物(5)分别与1，2-二溴乙烷和1，3-二溴丙烷反应生成(6)和(7)，化合物(6)和(7)再分别与2-甲基苯并咪唑偶合生成目标化合物。

The symbiotic flagellates in the gut of lower termites,which are normally associated with epibionts or endobionts,are phylogenetically a...

后肠内的鞭毛虫能将纤维素水解并发酵为乙酸，二氧化碳和氢，为白蚁提供营养和能源。

The results showed that under the optimum conditions, the optimum conditions were determined that the microwave power for the two protases was 500W, and the microwave temperature was 46℃for Alcalase and 50℃ for Flavourzyme; the enzyme dosage was 9000U/g for Alcalase and 37.5LAPU/g for Flavourzyme, and the hydrolysis time was just 3min for Alcalase and 13min for Flavourzyme.

结果表明，在最适微波条件下（碱性蛋白酶的微波温度46℃，风味蛋白酶50℃，微波功率均为500W），碱性蛋白酶加酶量9000U/g，酶解3min，风味蛋白酶加酶量37.5LAPU/g，酶解13min，得到的酶解产物的水解度为50.94%，氮收率为96%，多肽得率34.45%，氮溶指数84.22%，三氯乙酸氮溶指数77.99%。

Using of HCl solution substituting acetate buffer as analytical solution, not only would reproducibly renew the electrode surface with an electrochemical clear procedure, but also could eliminate effect of hydrolysis of bi species. At the same time, the square wave anodic stropping method of BiFEs could be extended to analyze sample containing chloride anion, such as sea water.

以稀HCl作为分析基础溶液替代传统的乙酸缓冲溶液，不仅可采用简单的电化学清洗方法高重现性地再生活化玻碳电极表面，并且，可消除金属离子的水解反应对检测结果产生的不利影响，同时可将铋膜电极SWAV检测方法拓展至分析检测海水等含氯离子样品。

However, at 92℃, the concentration of acetic acid showed little influence on hydrolysis degree.

在不同条件下，乙酸能将18C型肺炎球菌荚膜多糖水解为不同大小的片段，且未破坏抗原决定簇的基本结构。

L-Phenylalanine was then obtained by alkylation of N- glycine ethyl ester with benzyl bromide in the presence of an asymmetric phase-transfer catalyst-N-benzyl-cinchonine chloride, followed by hydrolysis of the resulting product.

以甘氨酸乙酯盐酸盐和二苯甲酮为起始原料合成了N-二苯亚甲氨基乙酸乙酯，后者在手性相转移催化剂-N-苄基氯化辛可宁诱导下与烷基化试剂溴化苄发生不对称相转移催化烷基化反应，水解得到L-苯丙氨酸。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。