乙酸发酵

Potassium ferricyanide and dithiothreitol were used to control redox potential from －100 mV to －450 mV in 3 L fermenter.

在3 L发酵罐上利用铁氰化钾和二硫苏糖醇调节发酵体系氧化还原电位值在－100～－450 mV，结果表明－350 mV为菌体生长和产丁二酸的最佳电位，丁二酸生产速率由0.75 g/提高到1.18 g/，产物丁二酸与副产物乙酸的质量浓度比由2.5提高到3.9。

The results show that there were no significant differences among the four forage rations in rumen pH, the concentrations of total volatile fatty acids, acetate, propionate, the ratios of acetate to propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate and valerate（P﹥0.05）. Only in 11:30, the concentrations of isovalerate caused by ration A and B were significantly higher than the other two rations(P﹤0.05).The milk yield caused by the ration C was significantly lower than the others (P﹤0.05). However, there were also no significantly differences among these four rations in the DM, fat, sugar, protein and scc of the milk. The milk fat and sugar of ration B and C were higher than ration A and D in number as well.

试验结果显示：各粗料组合日粮对各个时间点的瘤胃发酵指标：pH、TVFA、乙酸、丙酸、乙酸/丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸浓度均无显著差异（P﹥0.05），只在11：30时，日粮A、B的异戊酸浓度显著低于日粮C、D (P﹤0.05)；日粮C的产奶量显著低于其它三个日粮，而在乳干物质、乳脂、乳糖、乳蛋白、体细胞数上，各日粮均无显著差异，从数值上看，日粮B、C的乳脂和乳糖高于A、D。

0G/100g glycerol, which mostly affected the titration of commercial glycerol with 0.1mol/L NaOH, and it was the most important that shew the commercial glycerol acidific.

乙酸甘油酯的产生机制主要是发酵液中的代谢产物乙酸和丙三醇在蒸馏过程进行化学反应而生成的，并进行了验证。

The models of auricular edema in mice by dimethyl benzene and increased permeability of celiac blood capillary by acetic acid were studied,the results showed that the petroleum ether and acetic ester fraction of fermentation product of Calvatia gigantea could inhibit ear edema;acetic ester and n-Butanol fraction of fermentation product could reduce the permeability of celiac blood capillary by acetic acid.

大秃马勃Calvatia gigantea发酵液的石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇提取物进行二甲苯诱导小鼠耳廓急性炎症和醋酸所致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性实验，结果表明大秃马勃Calvatia gigantea发酵液石油醚提取物处理组、乙酸乙酯提取物处理组对二甲苯诱导小鼠耳肿胀具有明显的抑制作用；大秃马勃Calvatia gigantea发酵液乙酸乙酯提取物处理组、正丁醇提取物处理组对醋酸所致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性具有明显的抑制作用。

Glycerolgenesis. Organic acids was mainly produced during growth phase, acetic acid was the highest, about 1. 6g/L. When the amount of acetic acid and α-Keto glutaric acid was increased slightly and others decreased a bit in 〓 process. The kinds and amount of arganic acide during microbial glycerol production in C.

有机酸主要是菌体生长过程产生的，在酵母生长达平衡期时乙酸积累达最高值1.6g/L，乳酸、丙酮酸、酮戊二酸、苹果酸也都达较高浓度，此时相应的pH降低至最低，随着发酵进行其中乙酸和酮戊二酸略有增加，而其它有机酸是减少的。

The volatile flavor compounds of Nanx wudl at the start stage of fermentation mainly were hydrocarbon compounds and aldehydes, ketones from lipids oxidation, After 180 days, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl acetate, phenethyl alcohol, acetic acid and ethyl octanoate were predominant.

发酵180d后，主要风味组分是己酸乙脂、苯乙醇、乙酸乙脂、乙酸和辛酸乙脂。

Syntrophic acetogenesis ; homoacetogenesis ; pH ; coupling process ; anaerobic fermentation

产氢产乙酸；同型产乙酸； pH ；耦合工艺；厌氧发酵

A combination analysis of SIP and in situ microbiological methods was applied on the anaerobic digestion of biomass organics suffering from severe acids inhibition. The studies found that accumulated acids were degraded mainly by Methanosarcina firstly with acetoclastic pathway and then with hydrogenotrophic pathway under mesophilic condition, whereas acids were mainly degraded to methane by the tandem reactions of syntrophic acetate oxidation and hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis under thermophilic condition.

联合应用稳定同位素表征技术和微生态原位表征方法，对高浓度有机酸胁迫条件下的生物质类有机物厌氧发酵甲烷化途径的研究结果表明，面临高浓度有机酸迅速累积的环境，中温发酵条件下，优势菌种为甲烷八叠球菌，依时间次序，通过乙酸发酵和氢营养型途径利用累积的有机酸产生甲烷；而在高温条件下，有机酸则通过乙酸氧化和氢营养型甲烷化途径的串联反应被降解。

Three extraction methods including hot water extraction, pectinase enzymolysis, and microwave extraction were compared and their effects on red date wine quality were analyzed.

结果表明，90℃热水浸提，浸提液发酵酒颜色呈枣红色，杂油醇含量最高，有浓郁枣香，但苦味重；果胶酶酶解浸提，浸提液还原糖含量最高，利于发酵，但发酵酒的甲醇含量过高；微波强化浸提，浸提时间和发酵时间最短，所得枣酒的乙酸乙酯含量最高，且有特殊香味。

At first, the broth was acidified, then centrifuged to get mycelia, which was heated and powdered; finally we use acetic ether to soak the powder. After that, the phase of acetic ether was washed using the solution of ammonium sulfate and the solution of ethanedioic acid, then concentrated to gain pulps. It was crystallized at 4℃.The coarse crystals was decolorized by activated carbons, the pure needle crystal of lovastatin was obtained.

发酵液经酸化处理后，离心得到菌体，烘干后过筛得到菌粉；用乙酸乙酯浸泡，乙酸乙酯相需用(NH_4)_2SO_4溶液和草酸溶液洗涤两次；乙酸乙酯相经薄膜浓缩得到浆状物，于4℃结晶，得到粗晶体；再经粉末活性炭脱色和重结晶后得白色针状结晶，为lovastatin的纯品。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。