乔木林

The species diversity of stratum layer, shrub layer and forest community was each higher but that of herbage layer and bine layer each lower than that in control.

乔木层和灌木层的植物种多样性较大，群落植物种多样性较高，但草本层和藤本层的多样性比纯林低。

The forest was characterized with phanerophyte evergreen plants with single-mesophyll-leathery leaves, which reflected the nature of tropical Karst mountainous seasonal rain forest.(2). Community succession was divided into five stages by using Cluster method, PCA method; the succesion stages include herbaceous stage, scrub-shrub stage, small tree stage, arbor stage and climax seasonal rain forest stage.(3). Based on similarity theory, succession sere was constructed with the community similarity equation formed.

结果表明：(1)森林群落在外貌上，以常绿高位芽、单叶、革质、中型叶植物为主，反映了热带岩溶山地季雨林的特点；(2)运用聚类分析、PCA排序等方法将群落演替阶段划分为草本群落阶段、灌丛阶段、小乔木阶段、乔林阶段、顶极季雨林阶段；(3)运用相似学原理，组建群落间相似度方程并以此方程构建了群落演替系列；(4)研究表明桂西南岩溶区生态系统健康受到严重胁迫。

The results showed that forest musk deer mainly fed on defoliations of evergreen or half-evergreen arbors and shrubs in winter, among which 16 species belonging to 14 families had been identified. In spring, the first-year branches and forbs were dominant, among which 18 species belonging to 17 families had been identified.

结果表明：林麝冬季主要取食常绿或半常绿灌木和乔木的落叶，经检验确认的有14科16种；春季主要以当年生枝条以及非禾草类草本植物为食，共确认17科18种。

The main purpose of the thesis is choosing the more superior distribution among normal distribution, logarithmic normal distribution, weibull distribution, beta distribution and gamma distribution when they are used for fitting and forecasting ten main trees diameter distribution of natural secondary forest in baotianman on basis of analyzing and comparing the data from the 32 plots of natural secondary forest in baotianman.

以宝天曼天然次生林32块样地的调查数据为依据，分别以正态分布、对数正态分布，Weibull分布，Beta分布，Gamma分布拟合及预测宝天曼自然保护区天然次生林10种主要乔木树种直径分布，并对其适用性进行分析、比较，选出最适合于拟合及预测该林分直径结构的分布。

Species groups were divided for tree species, brush species, understory grass species and meadow species.

根据物种在排序图上的散布格局，分别对乔木种、灌木种、林下草本种以及草甸物种进行了种组的初步划分。

7 To mitigate the ecological impact due to the loss of woodland and shrubland in the Project, flora of conservation interest, including the tree Artocarpus hypargyreus, the shrub Pavetta hongkongensis and the orchids Acampe rigida and Liparis viridiflora, shall be transplanted before the commencement of construction. A pre-transplantation survey shall be carried out to ascertain the presence and the locations of these species.

3.7 为减轻工程项目引致的林地及灌木林损失而造成的生态影响，在建造工程展开前，须移植具保育价值的植物，包括乔木品种白桂木、灌木品种香港大沙叶、兰花品种多花脆兰及长茎羊耳蒜，并须进行移植前的调查，确定这些植物品种的存在及位置。

The changing climate first affects the structure of alpine timberline at an autecological level, and further affects the movement of the timberline as a whole.

气候变化首先从个体的水平影响林线的内部结构，然后才影响到作为整体的林线的推移，因此研究乔木个体生理活动与气候条件之间的关系，对于研究高山林线对气候变化的响应具有重要意义。

There were only 94 vascular plant species, belonging to 50 family and 75 genera. The dominant species in the communities were deciduous broadleaf species Liquidambar formosana, Robinia pseudoacacia, Ailanthus altissima, Acer buergerianum, and Celtis sinensis, evergreen broadleaf species Cinnamomum camphora and Elaeocarpus glabripetalus, and Phyllostachys heterocycla. Robinia pseudoacacia+Cinnamomum camphora community had the highest Shannon-Wiener index (1757) and Phyllostachys heterocycla+Acer buergerianum community had the highest Simpson index (0163), but no consistency was observed between the curves of H and D. For vertical structure, most communities had no significant understory stratification.

结果表明：辰山植物区系以泛热带和北温带占优势，具有典型亚热带和温带成分交汇和南北植物分布交错特征；但保育区内种类单一，维管束植物仅有49科69属94种；主要群落是以枫香、刺槐、臭椿、三角枫和朴树等为优势树种的落叶阔叶林，以香樟和秃瓣杜英等为优势树种的常绿阔叶林，以及毛竹林；物种多样性普遍较低，Shannon-Wiener多样性指数最高为刺槐+香樟群落（1.757），Simpson均匀度指数最高值为毛竹+三角枫群落（0.163）；多样性指数曲线和均匀度指数曲线不具有一致性的变化趋势；多数群落垂直结构中无明显林下分层现象；演替前期的落叶乔木种群后续个体不足。

Firstly, according to study dynamic changes of the elements structures in succession about natural and artificial forest, then summarized regular patterns;at the same time.based on the study of Coupling Relationship between structure and function of water conservation forest established the ideal structures from the stand level and the watershed level. The ideal structures from the stand level: uneven-aged, double layer and mixed structure, and trend to natural forest. The watershed level followed the same principle, that is double layer patches, uneven-aged forest well-distributed and to build up different forest patches in watershed.

首先，经过对北京山区水源林天然林和人工林结构要素的演替动态研究，提出其发展规律，同时依据水源林结构与功能耦合关系研究，从林分层次和流域层次上分别构建了水源林的理想结构，其中，林分层次上水源林的理想结构为：异龄、复层、混交的结构状态，林分结构趋于天然林结构的特征；在流域层次上水源林的理想结构为也应形成&复层&、&异龄&、&混交&的结构，即：在流域各水源林斑块间形成林冠层复层、斑块内部乔木、灌木、草本层的复层；不同水源林年龄面积上的均匀分布；形成不同水源林斑块间的镶嵌分布。

The composition and dynamias of analysis and appraise of maturalized plantation indictedthat PNT has improved the diversity and stability of the plantation,and the plantation has beenchanged into the mixed and uneven-aged naturalized stands.

对定向抚育与一般抚育及开拓林隙与未开拓林隙措施的研究表明：定向抚育提高乔木物种多样性和群落的稳定性，说明这两种措施推动和加速了人工林向混交、异龄、复层、优质天然化林分的转化。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。