乔木

East Indian spiny tree having twice-pinnate leaves and yellow flowers followed by flat pods; source of black catechu.

东印度一种有刺乔木，两回羽状复叶，花黄色，荚扁平；是黑儿茶的来源。

Three 30 m×30 m sample fields were designed to investigate different vegetation type, and the species and the number of arbor in the sample field were noted. Meanwhile, four 2 m×2 m plots were designed in the catercorner of sample field to investigate the species and the number of shrub and herbage.

方法］对不同植被类型设置3个30 m×30 m的样地进行调查，记录样地内所有乔木树种的种类、数量，并记录奇胸径和株高；同时，在样地对角线设4个2 m×2 m的样方调查所有灌木和草本的种类和数量。

Trees or shrubs; corolla lobes not caudate.

乔木或灌木花冠裂片不尾状。

Mountain vegetation cover to have pine trees, oak, chestnut, peach, and a variety of trees.

山间植被密布，生有松树、橡树、栗树、桃树及多种乔木。

Widely distributed family of mostly tropical trees and shrubs and herbs; includes coffee and chinchona and gardenia and madder and bedstraws and partridgeberry.

广泛分布的主要是热带乔木和灌木及草本植物科；包括咖啡和金鸡纳皮、栀子、洋西、篷子类植物和蔓虎刺之类。

Widely distributed family of mostly tropical trees and shrubs and herbs; includes coffee and chinchona and gard ia and madder and bedstraws and partridgeberry.

广泛 分布的主要是热带乔木和灌木及草本植物科；包括咖啡和金鸡纳皮、栀子、洋西、篷子类植物和蔓虎刺之类。

The forest was characterized with phanerophyte evergreen plants with single-mesophyll-leathery leaves, which reflected the nature of tropical Karst mountainous seasonal rain forest.(2). Community succession was divided into five stages by using Cluster method, PCA method; the succesion stages include herbaceous stage, scrub-shrub stage, small tree stage, arbor stage and climax seasonal rain forest stage.(3). Based on similarity theory, succession sere was constructed with the community similarity equation formed.

结果表明：(1)森林群落在外貌上，以常绿高位芽、单叶、革质、中型叶植物为主，反映了热带岩溶山地季雨林的特点；(2)运用聚类分析、PCA排序等方法将群落演替阶段划分为草本群落阶段、灌丛阶段、小乔木阶段、乔林阶段、顶极季雨林阶段；(3)运用相似学原理，组建群落间相似度方程并以此方程构建了群落演替系列；(4)研究表明桂西南岩溶区生态系统健康受到严重胁迫。

Plants always growing on trees or rock surfaces, often by means of adventitious roots; inflorescences flowering over long period and eventually developing a cylindric rachis covered with close-set pedicel scars; leaves mostly fleshy, rarely leathery to me

植株总是通过不定根在乔木或岩石表面，通常上生长；在长期期间和最终的花序花发育的一圆筒状的轴为长得紧靠在一起的花梗痕所覆盖；叶多数肉质，对我来说很少革质 12

Using the Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman rank correlation coefficient, the interspecific association of 13 species in different communities in Beijing mountainous area were investigated, and the niche breadth and niche overlap of 13 species were studied.

应用Pearson相关系数和Spearman秩相关系数检验，研究了北京山区天然林群落13个乔木种群的种间关联性，并对13种植物种群的生态位宽度和生态位重叠进行研究。

Columnar trees to 15(-20) m tall.

柱状乔木，达15(-20)米高。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。