乔木

Luozha River is a first branch of Lancang River in its middle section. A less known deciduous monsoon forest was recently discovered on the dry-hot banks of Luozha River. The deciduous monsoon forest is 15-20 m tall with Lannea coromandelica Colona floribunda. Mallotus philippensis as the dominant tree species, and Microstegium ciliatum Eupatorium odoratum、Ageratum conyzoides are the dominant species in the shrub-herb layer.

对罗扎河下游鲜为人知的落叶季雨林进行了群落生态学研究，结果表明：罗扎河下游落叶季雨林群落高度在15~20m之间；群落乔木层以厚皮树、一担柴、粗糠柴、毛果扁担杆、灰毛浆果楝等树种为优势种；灌草层以刚莠竹盖度最大，其余如飞机草、藿香蓟、蹄盖蕨Athyrium sp。

Plant species were classified into six plant functional groups based on their life forms, that is, trees, shrubs, sub-shrubs, perennial grasses, perennial forbs and annuals.

2依照生活型将锡林河流域主要植物种划分成6个植物功能群：乔木、灌木、半灌木、多年生禾草、多年生杂类草和一年生植物。

Researching the plants that were associated with savanna, Packard soon came up with a list of other associated species -- such as thistles, cream gentians, and yellow pimpernels -- that he quickly realized peppered the fringes of his restoration sites.

主要见于东非、南美巴西高原和印度等地。以高达1米以上的旱生禾草为主要成分所组成的草被层占优势，在这种草被层的背景上散生着一些旱生矮乔木。

The dominant species in the tree layer were found as Castanopsis chinensis, Endospermum chinense and Cryptocarga concinna . The Mesophanerophytes and Microphanerophytes were found having high percentage, and the Megaphanerop, Geophytes and Therophytes were notfound in the species life form spectrum of the community. The Mesophyll also had high Percentage in leaf-sizeclass spectrum of the community.

本群落以中、小高位芽植物占优势，缺乏大高位芽、隐芽和一年生植物叶型以中型叶为主群落的大部分优势种的种群分布格局是随机分布的优势种群的立木结构分析表明，本群落处于进展演替它与30a前比较有较大的变化乔木层原优势种黄桐、猴耳环、亮叶肉实等被锥粟、刺栲等替代。

Evergreen shrubs to small trees, 2-10 m tall; branches gray-black to gray-brown, terete, sturdy, twigs greenish or yellow-greenish, striate.

常绿的灌木到小乔木，2-10米高；分枝灰色黑色的到带绿色灰色棕色，圆柱状，粗壮，小枝带绿色的或黄带绿色，具条纹。

Trees, to 20 m tall; bark gray or gray-brown.

乔木，对20米高；树皮灰色的或灰棕色。

Trees, to 10 m tall, to 30 cm d.b.h.; bark gray-brown.

乔木，对10米高，对30厘米直径；树皮灰棕色。

Trees to 10 m tall; bark gray or gray-brown, smooth.

乔木给10米高；树皮灰色的或灰棕色，平滑。

Evergreen trees, to 12 m tall; bark thick, dark gray-brown.

常绿的乔木，对12米高；树皮厚，深灰色棕色。

Trees 10-13 m tall; bark dark gray or gray-white.

乔木10-13米高；树皮深灰色或灰白色。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。