乔木

The plant important value of Simpson and Shannon wiener in Jing zhou ancient wall are measured and illustrated. The important value of herb and liana and other relevant data are measured and illustrated. Pterocanfa stenoplera, Broussonetia,Papyrifera, Corydalis, Rabia,etc are selected.

测定了荆州古城墙植被中乔木的Simpson多样性指数值和Shannon-wiener多样性指数值，测定了草本与藤本等植物的重要值及其他相关数据，并得出B样方的植物多样性数值最高、I点的植物多样性数值最低等结论，筛选出枫杨、井栏边草、土牛膝、紫堇、薏苡等乡土植物。

During ～2.68-2.45 Ma, the vegetation was dominated by arbores, mainly Pinus, Chenopodiaceae and Artemisia, indicating a cold warm climate in the mountain region. During ～2.45-2.11 Ma, herbs increased rapidly and the climate became dry-cold, indicating the characteristic of the bushveld climate. During 2.11-1.49 Ma, the quantity and species of the herbs reached the culmination and the bush increased accordingly, showing that the climate became more and more arid. During 1.49-1.36 Ma, herbs declined slightly but pteridophytes increased relatively greatly, revealing a dry-cold grassland climate.

约在2.68～2.45Ma期间，植被以乔木为主，主要为松、藜、蒿，属山地寒温气候；约在 2.45～2.11Ma期间，草本植物迅速上升，气候变得干旱寒冷，显示出灌木草原气候特征；在2.11～1.49Ma期间，草本植物数量和种类达到之最，灌木相对增加，也显示气候进一步趋于干旱；在1.49～1.36Ma期间，草本植物有小幅下降，但蕨类植物增加幅度较大，显示了干冷草原气候特征。

Spiny trees, shrubs, or perennial herbs, including the genera Caesalpinia, Cassia, Ceratonia, Bauhinia; commonly included in the family Leguminosae.

有刺乔木，灌木，或多年生草本植物，包括云石属，桂皮，羊蹄甲属；通常包括在豆科。

A large family of trees, shrubs, vines, and herbs bearing bean pods; divided for convenience into the subfamilies Caesalpiniaceae; Mimosaceae; Papilionaceae.

带有豆夹的乔木灌木木本植物和草本植物大科；为方便从亚科中分离出来；含羞草科；豆夹科。

Type genus of the Caricaceae; tropical American trees: papayas.

番木瓜科的模式属；热带美洲乔木；番木瓜树。

Any of several trees or shrubs of the genus Carpinus.

鹅耳枥属的几种乔木或灌木的任何一种。

According to the life form of species and their roles in communities, 6 species groups are used to do ordination analysis and environmental interpretation. The result suggests that:①Despite the strong man-made disturbance at lower altitude sites, the number and character of evergreen species show an change along the altitude gradient.②The rare and endangered species concentrated at two sectors along altitude gradient, corresponding to the upper and lower borders of the mountain mixed forest belt of evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved species.③The pioneer tree species concentrated on the middle and upper positions at lower elevation.④The deciduous accompany tree species show a great diversity on middle and lower position at middle and higher elevation.⑤Coniferous species differentiate along elevation and local topographical gradient.⑥Deciduous species in Quercus, Castanea, Fagus, Carpinus genus as well as coniferous species play primary community-constructing roles at different topographical position at Dalaoling region.

根据物种生活型及其在植物群落中的地位，分6个种组进行排序和环境解释，表明：①尽管低海拔地段受到强烈人为干扰，常绿种类仍显示了数量和性质沿海拔梯度的变化；②珍稀物种在海拔梯度上形成两个相对集中的区段，大致对应于山地常绿落叶阔叶混交林带的上下边缘；③先锋树种在中低海拔的中上坡位富集；④在中、高海拔的中低坡位，落叶的乔木伴生种显示了极大的多样性；⑤为数不多的针叶树种在海拔和局部地形梯度上也有明确分异；⑥它们和落叶的栎、栗、水青冈、鹅耳枥属物种在大老岭地区不同地形部位的植被中起着主要的建群作用。

Quercus liaotungensis, Carpinus cordata, Quercus aliena, Acer truncatum, Quercus variabilis and so on are the dominant tree species appeared in varied forests.

主要乔木种有辽东栎、千金榆、槲栎、鹅耳枥、华山松、元宝槭、栓皮栎等，极偶然情景下可遇到连香树、山白树和南方红豆杉等珍稀濒危植物。

Wood of any of various chestnut trees of the genus Castanea.

各种属于栗树的乔木木料。

Any of various trees and shrubs of the genus Casuarina having jointed horsetaillike stems and whorls of scalelike leaves; some yield heavy hardwood.

木麻黄属的任何一种乔木和灌木，具节的马尾状的茎产生轮生的鳞片状的叶；某些种可得到重而硬的木材。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。