义务论

S4:Communicatively acting individuals are thus subject to the ''must" of a weak transcendental necessity, but this does not mean they already encounter the prescriptive "must" of a rule of action whether the latter "must can be traced back deontologically to the normative validity of a moral law, axiologically to a constellation of preferred values, or empirically to the effectiveness of a technical rule.

因此，交往行动者被置于一种弱的先验的"必须"之下，但是这并不意味着他们已经进入了行动规则的规范性"必须"，尽管后一个"必须"可以被回溯到义务论中的道德律的有效性规范当中，从价值论的角度还原为一组优先价值，或者从经验论的角度成为一个有用的技术性规范。

This theory is necessary because Rawls's account of deontology and the notion of priority of the right over the good do not really deal with the problem of motivational priority.

契合论之所以必要，是因为罗尔斯对义务论的说明，以及正当优先於「好」的解释，均没有正式处理道德动机的优先性问题。

But the morals deontology neglects the person's demand, target, it is of no help to make the moral value come true ,the thought of serving for duty make the moral thought become dull and empty .

但道德义务论忽视人的需要、目标，无助于道德价值的真正实现，为义务而义务的观念使道德成为枯燥、空洞的东西。

From the deontology, we can see the informed consent given to patients and subjects shows the respect for autonomy and person. From the teleology, the purpose of informed consent is to protect and promote the health of patients and subjects, which constitute their happiness.

从义务论上看，对病人或受试者实施知情同意是尊重其自主性、尊重人的表现，是医生或生物医学研究者应该履行的道德义务；从目的论上看，实施知情同意的目的是保护和促进病人或受试者的健康，健康作为善是他们的幸福所在。

S4:Communicatively acting individuals are thus subject to the ''must" of a weak transcendental necessity, but this does not mean they already encounter the prescriptive "must" of a rule of action whether the latter "must can be traced back deontologically to the normative validity of a moral law, axiologically to a constellation of preferred values, or empirically to the effectiveness of a technical rule.

因此，交往行动者被置于一种弱的先验的&必须&之下，但是这并不意味着他们已经进入了行动规则的规范性&必须&，尽管后一个&必须&可以被回溯到义务论中的道德律的有效性规范当中，从价值论的角度还原为一组优先价值，或者从经验论的角度成为一个有用的技术性规范。

Classic utilitarianism is consequentialist as opposed to deontological because of what it denies.

古典功利主义的后果论，而不是因为它否认义务论。

According to deontological theorists, such as Kant, some acts-such as keeping a promise or telling the truth-are moral obligations regardless of their consequences.

根据义务论的理论家，如康德，一些行为，如保持许诺或讲真话，是道义上的义务，不论其后果。

Therefore, on the one hand this article has analyzed the motive and the predicament in the enterprise society responsibility information disclosure, and elaborates the enterprise social responsibility contents. On the other hand it discusses the inevitability for the enterprise to fulfill the social responsibility by the utility and benefit theory and deontological ethics, and perspectives input and output of the enterprise society responsibility with cost-benefit analysis.

因此，本文一方面从伦理角度分析了企业社会责任信息披露的动机及困境，阐述了企业应承担的社会责任内容；另一方面将伦理学的功利论和义务论用来讨论企业履行社会责任的必然性，用成本效益分析法透视企业社会责任的投入与产出。

Finally, based on the reality of Chinese socialism market economy, the author dissects the vacancy incurrent construction of Chinese enterprise ethics, draws lessons from the success of overseas' Chinese business ethics, analyses the ethics resources adoptable including the Marx's economy ethics , the synthetical nature and modern-meaningful turns of Confucian ethics, and Amartya ?

最后，立足于中国的社会主义市场经济现实，解剖现行中国企业伦理建设的缺失，借鉴海外华人企业伦理的成功，分析可采用的伦理资源，包括马克思经济伦理、儒家伦理在综合性和现代意义上的转轨以及阿马蒂亚·森整合后果论和义务论，提出中国企业伦理建设的参考性建议。

Insider trading ; securities market ; market-oriented theory ; duty-oriented theory ; special relationship theory ; tipper/tippee liability

指导教授王皇玉；中文关键字内线交易；证券市场；市场论；义务论；特别关系理论；消息传递责任

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。