义务的

Formal rationality is requirements that legal obligation itself demands, for example, universality, fairness, explicitness and compatibility, while substantial rationality means that legal obligation should conform to legal right in necessarity and adequateness, for the latter of which two criteria utilitarianism and humanitarianism are offered.

这又关涉到了法律学的基本理论问题——在法律权利和法律义务中，谁更为一般的概念。笔者通过对义务概念理论和权利概念理论的梳理，认为法律权利为更为一般的概念。包括法律义务在的其它法律概念都是以法律权利为基础展开的。因此，法律义务合理与否只能由法律权利来评定。

The obligations set forth hereinabove are in this agreement collectively referred to as "confidentiality obligations" or "obligations of confidence".

该协议上文提出的义务统称为"保密义务"或"信任义务"。

The research method is with semi-constructional and deep interview and observation by joining to discuss 1 The reason and idea of these volunteer life guards to join life-saving activities; 2 The potential effect of their act for the volunteers' life and realization; 3 the reason of why do they choose the Da Bao Steam as the service region and what are the values of them.

本研究主要采取半结构性深度访谈与参与观察为研究的方法，来探讨大豹溪义务救生员参与义务救生的契机与理念为何；大豹溪义务救生服务工作对志工之生命、生活实践与人可能产生何种影响；义务救生员何以选择三峡大豹溪为服务场域？

The understanding that noblesse oblige is not an obligation limited to a particular class but one that can be given to anyone, as well as a shared responsibility for all to uphold together—this is the ultimate destination of "Prince Hours."

因此，所谓（社会上层人物在道德或慈善上应有的义务），并不是只局限于特定阶层应尽的义务，它对于任何人都有效，义务是我们应该共同履行的义务，所有人都应该记住这一点，这也是本剧最终的意图所在。

Obligation of safety guarantee is regulated for infringers and infringement of the legal duties is confirmed as nonperformance infringement.

安全保障义务正是为加害人设置了一种作为义务，违反这种义务构成不作为的侵权行为。

States' core human rights obligations in education can be classified as the obligations to make education available,accessible,acceptable and adaptable.

国家在教育上的核心义务可以划分为：教育的可获得性方面的义务、教育的可进入性方面的义务、教育的可接受性方面的义务以及教育的可适应性方面的义务。

This was followed by the assessment of acts of public law, civil security theory, and contractual obligations theory. The thesis assimilates some opinions helpful and divides government guarantee into legal risk guarantee commitment and agreement risk guarantee commitment, and explicitly puts forward that the government guarantee is a general term of government legal obligations and contactual obligations.

其次通过对公法行为说、民事担保说、合同义务说评析，吸取个别学说中的有利于本文观点，将政府保证分为法律风险保障承诺和协议风险保障承诺，明确提出了政府保证是政府法定义务、和合同义务总称。

Human rights are divided into generations:civil and political rights as the first generation and economic and social rights as the second.The former is negative,the latter is positive;states have obligation to the result immediately to the former and only to realize gradually to the latter;the former is judiciable and the latter is not.

在对人权的认识中，公民权利和政治权利与经济、社会权利被人为地做了前后代际分野：前代是消极权利，后代是积极权利；前代是&立即实现&义务或结果义务，后代是&逐渐实现&义务或行动义务；前代是可裁决的，后代是不可裁决的。

Furthermore, three kinds of conflict events,"fulfill positive obligation","violate uncompulsory obligation" and "violate compulsory obligation" were best predictors of parent-child relation after conflict.

研究二以开放式问卷搜集65位大学生的亲子冲突经验，308笔的质性资料经内容分析后显示，以义务观点为基础而建构的冲突事件之分类实存於生活中；另外，将冲突事件分为父母「执行积极义务」、「违反非强制义务」及「违反强制义务」三类最具简约性，且可有效预测冲突后的亲子关系变化。

International society form《Lm convention》to protect wetly ecosystem system and reasonable exploitation.

国际社会通过缔结《拉姆萨尔公约》保护湿地生态系统及合理利用，该条约具有现代环境保护的先见性，对缔约国有三项法定义务约束，即合理利用义务、指定湿地的保护义务以及国际合作义务。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！