义务人

Article 31 An obligatory duty payer shall, in accordance with the table of contents, stipulations, the general principle of classification, category notes, chapter notes, subheading notes and any other classification notes, classify the import or export goods that it declares, and put them under the corresponding tariff nomenclature heading numbers.

第三十一条纳税义务人应当按照《税则》规定的目录条文和归类总规则、类注、章注、子目注释以及其他归类注释，对其申报的进出口货物进行商品归类，并归入相应的税则号列；海关应当依法审核确定该货物的商品归类。

Thirty-second article of the tax law as referred to in Article VII have been outside at the personal income tax allowance to pay, people are referring to tax liability from the proceeds made outside China, according to the source country or region from the law and should pay the actual tax already paid.

第三十二条税法第七条所说的已在境外缴纳的个人所得税税额，是指纳税义务人从中国境外取得的所得，依照该所得来源国家或者地区的法律应当缴纳并且实际已经缴纳的税额。

Article 6 Withholding agent shall set up tax withholding and collection account book and contract files to record accurately the income tax withholding of enterprises to be checked by tax authorities.

第六条 扣缴义务人应当设立代扣代缴税款账簿和合同资料档案，准确记录企业所得税的扣缴情况，并接受税务机关的检查。

Article 20 Within 10 days of the start of its tax withholding obligations as prescribed by the tax laws and administrative legislations, a tax withholding agent shall establish a tax withholding or tax collection book pursuant to the categories of tax to be withheld or collected.

第二十条扣缴义务人应当自税收法律、行政法规规定的扣缴义务发生之日起十日内，按照所代扣、代收的税种，分别设置代扣代缴、代收代缴税款帐簿。

Article 7 Where any taxpayer fails to pay tax within 15 days upon the receipt of the tax payment book, the Customs shall, after approved by the head of the Customs directly under the General Administration of Customs or the head of the authorized subordinate Customs, formulate and issue the Withholding Tax Notice of the Customs of the People's Republic of China to the financial institution to notify it to withhold the corresponding tax from the deposits suspended payment.

第七条 纳税义务人自海关填发税款缴款书之日起15内未缴纳税款的，经直属海关关长或者其授权的隶属海关关长批准，海关应当向金融机构制发《中华人民共和国海关扣缴税款通知书》，通知其从暂停支付的款项中扣缴相应税款。

Article 20 Within 10 days of the start of its tax withholding obligations as prescribed by the tax laws and administrative legislation, a tax withholding agent shall establish a tax withholding or tax collection book pursuant to the categories of tax to be withheld or collected.

第二十条扣缴义务人应当自税收法律、行政法规规定的扣缴义务发生之日起十日内，按照所代扣、代收的税种，分别设置代扣代缴、代收代缴税款帐簿。

In this paper, the author intends to make a thorough research to the problems concerning the cognizance of tax dodging.Ⅰ.

根据《中华人民共和国刑法》第201条的规定，只有纳税人和扣缴义务人才能构成偷税罪。

According to Article 201 of "Criminal Law of People's Republic of China", only taxpayer and detain-pay obligor can constitute tax dodging.

扣缴义务人是指法律、行政法规规定负有代扣代缴和代收代缴税款义务的单位和个人。

The cognizance of the standard of tax dodging criminalityTax dodging is consequence crime, which has been regulated by Criminal Law of People's Republic of C

纳税人或扣缴义务人的偷税数额只有达到1万元以上并且占应纳税额的10%以上，或者两年内因偷税受过二次行政处罚，又偷税且数额在一万元以上的，才应作犯罪处理。

Article 14 Where there are the situations as prescribed in Article 11 of these Measures, and it determines to withhold the tax with the proceeds by selling off the detained dutiable goods or other properties valued at that of tax payable, the Customs shall formulate and issue the Withholding Tax Notification of the Customs of the People's Republic of China to the taxpayer or the guarantor.

第十四条有本办法第十一条规定情形，海关决定以应税货物、被扣留的价值相当于应纳税款的货物或者其他财产变卖并抵缴税款的，应当向纳税义务人、担保人制发《中华人民共和国海关抵缴税款告知书》。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。