义务人

The essence of responsibility is the strength in law of the right , the existence of responsibility is a kind of state , it is shown as a state of guarantee fulfilling obligations of obligator and a state fulfilling obligations by force when not fulfilling obligations .

责任的本质是权利的法律上之力，责任的存在是一种状态，其表现为担保义务人履行义务的担保状态和义务人不履行义务时的强制实现状态。

To seek the dynamic interest balance between the security obligator and consumers and to realize justice and efficiency,we must take the principle of benefit balance as starting point to define the concept of the obligation of security,the nature,settle the content of law and the judge standard and set up the legal obligation of the security obligation. So we must think about the present situation of legislation and judicial practice in China and learn from other countries' successful experience.

由于安全保障义务人相对于权利人处于"优势"地位，其有足够的能力防止损害的发生，因此必须以利益均衡原则为出发点来界定安全保障义务的概念、认定其法律性质、划定其内容和判定标准、规定违反安全保障义务的法律责任，以实现权利人与义务人两者利益关系的动态平衡，达到公平和效率的价值目标。

But the Interpretation is only preliminary provisions. It didn't establish the safety-ensuring obligator and obligation scope. It only established the compensation of personal injury, but didn't include of property loss compensation. The regulations on liability of violating safety-ensuring obligation have some defects.

该《解释》只是对安全保障义务的一种尝试性规定，对于安全保障义务人负有义务的情形、义务的范围都未见有详细的说明，仅仅规定人身损害赔偿问题而不包括财产损害，对安全保障义务人承担的责任规定也存在不足，如何全面正确认识和运用安全保障义务制度，仍需进行深入系统的探究。

Article 10 In case a taxpayer fails to pay tax within 15 days upon the receipt of the tax payment book, the Customs shall formulate and issue the Withholding Tax Notice of the Customs of the People's Republic of China to the taxpayer, sell off the detained goods or other properties by law and withhold tax with the proceeds.

第十条 纳税义务人自海关填发税款缴款书之日起15内未缴纳税款的，海关应当向纳税义务人制发《中华人民共和国海关抵缴税款通知书》，依法变卖被扣留的货物或者其他财产，并以变卖所得抵缴税款。

Article 31 Should a taxpayer or withholding agent fail to pay tax or underpay tax as a result of the responsibilities of the tax authorities, the tax authorities may, within three years, require the taxpayer or withholding agent to pay the tax in arrears, but they shall not impose any fine on the tax in arrears

第三十一条因税务机关的责任，致使纳税人、扣缴义务人未缴或者少缴税款的，税务机关在三年内可以要求纳税人、扣缴义务人补缴税款，但是不得加收滞纳金。

If it is necessary, it may take back taxpayer's or withholder's accountings books, bookkeeping vouchers, accounting statements and other relevant materials of the previous years to the tax organ for inspection upon approval of the director general of the taxation bureau at or above the county level.

必要时，经县以上税务局局长批准，可以将纳税人、扣缴义务人以前会计年度的账簿、记账凭证、报表和其他有关资料调回税务机关检查，但是税务机关必须向纳税人、扣缴义务人开付清单，并在3个月内完整退还

Article 37 The payable income taxes on the incomes obtained by a non-resident enterprise as prescribed in Paragraph 3, Article 3 of the present Law shall be withheld by sources, with the payer acting as the obligatory withholder, who shall withhold the tax amount from each payment or payment due.

第三十七条对非居民企业取得本法第三条第三款规定的所得应缴纳的所得税，实行源泉扣缴，以支付人为扣缴义务人。税款由扣缴义务人在每次支付或者到期应支付时，从支付或者到期应支付的款项中扣缴。

Article 13 Within 30 days as of the day when the obligation of tax payment occurs, the withholder shall file an application for tax registration to the local tax organ, and then it shall obtain the tax payment registration certificate, for a withholder who has handled the tax registration, the items of tax payments may be recorded on its Tax Registration Certificate, no tax payment registration certificate shall be issued to him any more.

第十三条扣缴义务人应当自扣缴义务发生之日起30日内，向所在地的主管税务机关申报办理扣缴税款登记，领取扣缴税款登记证件；税务机关对已办理税务登记的扣缴义务人，可以只在其税务登记证件上登记扣缴税款事项，不再发给扣缴税款登记证件。

In recent years, China has gradually become a personal income tax collection and management issues in the spotlight,strengthen the capacity of the collection and management of many,recommendations from the state treasury in a bid to analyse withholding agents in the personal income tax collection and management of the important position,and economic relations with the taxpayers and withholding agents.

近年来，我国个人所得税的征管问题成为人们关注的焦点，加强征管能力的建议颇多，建议从代扣代缴环节入手，分析扣缴义务人在个人所得税征管中的重要地位，及扣缴义务人与纳税人的经济关系，并提出以代扣代缴环节为突破口，实行"延期纳税法"来提高个人所得税征管水平。

Taxpayers shall declare to the customs according to the facts in line with laws and provide materials needed in the identification of customs value, commodities categorisation, place of origin, and initiation of anti-dumping, countervailing and safeguard measures as requested in the provisions of the customs.

第三十条纳税义务人应当依法如实向海关申报，并按照海关的规定提供有关确定完税价格、进行商品归类、确定原产地以及采取反倾销、反补贴或者保障措施等所需的资料；必要时，海关可以要求纳税义务人补充申报。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。