主要项目

This paper analyzes the international situation faced by international oil industry market though the summary of international project's development of Changqing Petroleum Bureau, discusses problems in international project based on the fully analysis of CPEB's resources superiority and opportunity at present, takes the CNPC's 11th Five-Year Plan and CPEB's overall development plan as the instruction, follows the general theory and principle of international petroleum engineering project management, take the continual ,stable, coordinated development that suits and guarantees international petroleum project as the goal, discusses the development direction of international petroleum exploration project and the thread and plan that fits the CPEB's international project management based on the reference to successful experience of international petroleum companys'project management, establishes a scientific pattern that fits CPEB's project management of international project, reasonably deploys and manages all the resource in international project, makes the operation management canonical, provides scientific basis for the corporation's decision-making though adjusting and conformity CPEB's management department of international project.

本文通过对长庆石油勘探局国际工程项目发展的简述，分析发展国际石油工程市场所面临的国际形势，在充分剖析长庆局现有资源优势和机遇的基础上，分析现有国际工程项目在运行中存在的主要问题，以集团公司十一五规划和勘探局总体发展规划为指导，遵循国际石油工程项目管理的一般理论与原则，以符合和保证实现国际石油工程项目的持续、稳定、协调发展为目的，在借鉴国际石油公司项目管理的成功经验，探讨和研究国际石油工程勘探项目的发展方向，探讨适合长庆局国际项目管理的思路和方案，通过适时调整和整合长庆勘探局国际业务管理部门，建立适合长庆局自身国际工程项目管理的科学模式，合理配置和管理国际工程项目各种资源，规范运作管理，为企业决策提供科学依据。

This paper studied the earnings managements of the listed companies by dividing the accrual into above-the-line accruals and below-the-line accruals. And for above-the-line accruals and below-the-line accruals of 2002, I divided above-the-line-accruals into working capital accruals and nonworking capital accruals. Then I used modified Jones model by adding industry variables to study the new characteristics of earnings management in 2002. This paper provides evidence that the listed companies still used below-the-line accruals as the main earnings management instrument. On the other hand the listed companies also used working capital accruals as one of their earnings management instruments. On the basis of the studies above, I build two proxies of the earnings management.

本文首先通过对2002年上市公司盈余管理的分项实证研究来观察各种制度实施后上市公司利用线下项目进行盈余管理是否得到了一定的遏制，实证过程中采用修正的横截面JONES模型加入行业变量并经过适当变形对上市公司年报线上项目和线下项目，并进一步将线上项目分解出营运资金相关项目和非相关项目两项进行盈余管理的实证研究，发现企业对线下项目的操纵仍然在企业盈余管理中占据主要地位，但从某种程度上看，线下利润的操纵得到了一定的抑制，另外企业对营运资金应计项目的盈余管理也是显著的。

This design basis construction diagram paper,the geology draws up after explore the report and the local hydrology geology,the weather condition investigate on the spot, mainly include engineering general situation,construction to prepare,construction deployment,start construction project,the point crux control,start construction progress plan and promise measure and start construction the plane chart decoration and face to establish several aspect contentses, such as the decoration,the item risk control,the item information control and the item cost control...etc., body now construction the item management program of aim at a main characteristics of sex,implement,operability...etc..

本设计依据施工图纸、地质勘探报告及当地水文地质、气象条件并实地考察后编制，主要包括工程概况、施工准备、施工部署、施工方案、重点难点控制、施工平面图布置和临设布置、施工进度计划及保证措施、质量保证措施、工程安全防护及文明施工保证措施、项目风险控制、项目信息控制、项目成本控制等几方面内容，体现了施工项目管理规划的针对性、实施性、操作性等主要特点。

This thesis dedicated to research the investment control of BT project, researched the risk in the program construction, the compose portion and the factors effecting the investment. The research includes the conception and the character of the BT project; the actualize process and the questions should be pay attention to; the conditions of BT contract and the sector of the compose poison of the contract price. In this part researched the conception of the BT purchase price and concluded that the relation between the purchase price and the investment. Then studied the risk factors that effect the investment according to the character of the project and then brought forward several advices of the contract item about how to share the risk. Studied compose sector and it's calculatingly methods of the construction cost which is the main part of the investment, then studied how to control the cost during the construct process and analyzed project variations as well as how control that. In the end, researched the capital cost of BT program, the main content include the concept of the capital cost, the calculatingly methods using the engineering economic method, the method writer suggest in the thesis according to the project practice, how to control the capital cost, mainly through setting up an account and inspecting it, and regulating the program financing rate in reason.

本论文的研究重点即BT项目的投资控制，围绕该问题，本论文的主要研究内容有，从BT模式和BT项目的基本分析开始，研究了BT模式的基本概念、BT项目的运作过程、基本特征；研究了BT项目的合同条件和合同价款，该部分分析了BT项目的合同结构、BT项目的承发包工作范围、BT项目的回购价款组成和确定；根据项目建设特征分析了影响BT项目投资的风险因素，并且提出了在对风险进行分配和分担类合同条款制定时建议；建设工程费用是构成BT投资的主体费用，本文对其各组成部分的基本构成、计算方式进行了分析，研究了实施过程中管理控制和工程变更及变更控制的问题；文章的最后对构成BT项目投资的资金成本进行了探讨，分析了资金成本的概念和形成，运用工程经济学的基本理论分析了资金成本各部分的基本计算方式，依据现有的工程实践情况提出了本文建议的计算方式，最后分析了如何对资金成本进行控制――主要通过设立资金账户对其进行监管以及对项目融资的利率进行合理规定。

Australia - Sydney University – Architectural and Landscape design, Project Management · Qatar - Doha Asian Games - Khalifa Stadium - Redevelopment and Landscape design · UAE - Eighth Wonder of the World - Palm Island – Master Planning and Concept design · UAE - The Burj Tower - Structural Consultant Major Projects in China · China ASEAN International Trade City – Planning design - Guangxi Nanning · Yangpu Economic District – Planning and Architectural design - Hainan · Shunyi New Town Mapo Area – City Planning - Beijing · Sanya Bay New Town Golf Villa Area – Planning and Architectural design - Hainan · First Boulevard Office Tower – Planning, Architectural and Landscape design - Hunan Changsha · Semens Beijing Headquarters – Landscape design - Beijing · 2009 East Asian Games – Sporting Venues – Building Services upgrades - Hong Kong · Macau Fortuna Hotel - Building Services design - Macau · National Flood Management Strategy Study · Kunming Qingshuihai Water Supply Project · Gansu Clean Energy Project · Guangxi Urban Environment Project · Datong Cleaner Environment Project · Beijing Olympics Transportation Plan Review · Second Shanghai Metropolitan Transport Project - Traffic Management and Safety Study · Fiscal Management and Reform in China · Policy Support for the PRC 2020 Project Outstanding Opportunities GHD has outstanding opportunities for professionals to apply and develop their skills across a broad range of industries, and within a culturally diverse international company.

在中国我们目前主要服务以下领域：建筑城市开发水环境矿业管理咨询能源交通我们的项目经验：阿联酋世界第八大奇观--迪拜棕榈岛，总体规划和概念设计卡塔尔多哈亚运会主体育场，改建设计，运动区景观设计阿联酋世界最高的大厦-迪拜塔，设计审查和材料管理澳大利亚悉尼大学，建筑设计、景观设计和项目管理 2000悉尼奥运会场馆开发，水景设计及回收系统设计，项目管理南宁中国东盟商贸城，总体规划、建筑设计和景观设计海南洋浦经济开发区生活服务区，总体规划、建筑设计和景观设计顺义新城马坡组团，规划设计海南三亚湾新城，高尔夫别墅区规划、建筑设计沙第一大道写字楼，规划、建筑、景观设计西门子北京总部景观设计 2009香港东亚运动会多个体育场馆，设备工程设计澳门财神酒店，设备工程设计国家洪水管理战略研究昆明清水海供水项目广西城市环境项目大同清洁环境项目甘肃清洁能源项目北京2008奥运会交通规划审查上海市政交通项目二期交通管理安全研究中国财政管理与改革中国2020政策支持项目优越的机会 GHD作为一家以多元文化为特色的国际性大公司，为各种专业人员在各个领域间运用和发展各自的业务技能提供优良的机会。

Australia - Sydney University – Architectural and Landscape design, Project Management· Qatar - Doha Asian Games - Khalifa Stadium - Redevelopment and Landscape design· UAE - Eighth Wonder of the World - Palm Island – Master Planning and Concept design· UAE - The Burj Tower - Structural Consultant Major Projects in China· China ASEAN International Trade City – Planning design - Guangxi Nanning · Yangpu Economic District – Planning and Architectural design - Hainan · Shunyi New Town Mapo Area – City Planning - Beijing · Sanya Bay New Town Golf Villa Area – Planning and Architectural design - Hainan · First Boulevard Office Tower – Planning, Architectural and Landscape design - Hunan Changsha · Semens Beijing Headquarters – Landscape design - Beijing · 2009 East Asian Games – Sporting Venues – Building Services upgrades - Hong Kong · Macau Fortuna Hotel - Building Services design - Macau · National Flood Management Strategy Study· Kunming Qingshuihai Water Supply Project · Gansu Clean Energy Project· Guangxi Urban Environment Project· Datong Cleaner Environment Project· Beijing Olympics Transportation Plan Review · Second Shanghai Metropolitan Transport Project - Traffic Management and Safety Study · Fiscal Management and Reform in China· Policy Support for the PRC 2020 Project Outstanding Opportunities GHD has outstanding opportunities for professionals to apply and develop their skills across a broad range of industries, and within a culturally diverse international company.

在中国我们目前主要服务以下领域：建筑城市开发水环境矿业管理咨询能源交通我们的项目经验：阿联酋世界第八大奇观--迪拜棕榈岛，总体规划和概念设计卡塔尔多哈亚运会主体育场，改建设计，运动区景观设计阿联酋世界最高的大厦-迪拜塔，设计审查和材料管理澳大利亚悉尼大学，建筑设计、景观设计和项目管理 2000悉尼奥运会场馆开发，水景设计及回收系统设计，项目管理南宁中国东盟商贸城，总体规划、建筑设计和景观设计海南洋浦经济开发区生活服务区，总体规划、建筑设计和景观设计顺义新城马坡组团，规划设计海南叁亚湾新城，高尔夫别墅区规划、建筑设计沙第一大道写字楼，规划、建筑、景观设计西门子北京总部景观设计 2009香港东亚运动会多个体育场馆，设备工程设计澳门财神酒店，设备工程设计国家洪水管理战略研究昆明清水海供水项目广西城市环境项目大同清洁环境项目甘肃清洁能源项目北京2008奥运会交通规划审查上海市政交通项目二期交通管理安全研究中国财政管理与改革中国2020政策支持项目优越的机会 GHD作为一家以多元文化为特色的国际性大公司，为各种专业人员在各个领域间运用和发展各自的业务技能提供优良的机会。

Australia - Sydney University – Architectural and Landscape design, Project Management· Qatar - Doha Asian Games - Khalifa Stadium - Redevelopment and Landscape design· UAE - Eighth Wonder of the World - Palm Island – Master Planning and Concept design· UAE - The Burj Tower - Structural Consultant Major Projects in China· China ASEAN International Trade City – Planning design - Guangxi Nanning · Yangpu Economic District – Planning and Architectural design - Hainan · Shunyi New Town Mapo Area – City Planning - Beijing · Sanya Bay New Town Golf Villa Area – Planning and Architectural design - Hainan · First Boulevard Office Tower – Planning, Architectural and Landscape design - Hunan Changsha · Semens Beijing Headquarters – Landscape design - Beijing · 2009 East Asian Games – Sporting Venues – Building Services upgrades - Hong Kong · Macau Fortuna Hotel - Building Services design - Macau · National Flood Management Strategy Study· Kunming Qingshuihai Water Supply Project · Gansu Clean Energy Project· Guangxi Urban Environment Project· Datong Cleaner Environment Project· Beijing Olympics Transportation Plan Review · Second Shanghai Metropolitan Transport Project - Traffic Management and Safety Study · Fiscal Management and Reform in China· Policy Support for the PRC 2020 ProjectOutstanding OpportunitiesGHD has outstanding opportunities for professionals to apply and develop their skills across a broad range of industries, and within a culturally diverse international company.

在中国我们目前主要服务以下领域：建筑城市开发水环境管理咨询能源交通我们的项目经验：阿联酋世界第八大奇观--迪拜棕榈岛，总体规划和概念设计卡塔尔多哈亚运会主体育场，改建设计，运动区景观设计阿联酋世界最高的大厦-迪拜塔，设计审查和材料管理澳大利亚悉尼大学，建筑设计、景观设计和项目管理 2000悉尼奥运会场馆开发，水景设计及回收系统设计，项目管理南宁中国东盟商贸城，总体规划、建筑设计和景观设计海南洋浦经济开发区生活服务区，总体规划、建筑设计和景观设计顺义新城马坡组团，规划设计海南三亚湾新城，高尔夫别墅区规划、建筑设计沙第一大道写字楼，规划、建筑、景观设计西门子北京总部景观设计 2009香港东亚运动会多个体育场馆，设备工程设计澳门财神酒店，设备工程设计国家洪水管理战略研究昆明清水海供水项目广西城市环境项目大同清洁环境项目甘肃清洁能源项目北京2008奥运会交通规划审查上海市政交通项目二期交通管理安全研究中国财政管理与改革中国2020政策支持项目优越的机会 GHD作为一家以多元文化为特色的国际性大公司，为各种专业人员在各个领域间运用和发展各自的业务技能提供优良的机会。

Steel,timber,chemical raw matericals,wool,paper pulp and waste paper are JSFT's major import business.

金属、木材、化工、纺织原料、浆纸、电子产品等商品是公司进口的主要项目。

Our main projects are based on tree planting, education teaching, and volun...

我们的主要项目是基于植树，教育教学），以及志愿。。。

Over 40 main programs are provided in the text and all subroutines are listed in the Appendix.

Over 40个主要项目中提供的文本和所有子程序附录所列的介绍。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。