主要要素

The essential relation between the three decision variables (capacity, price and sold inventory) and passenger demand factor is discussed.

本文分析了收益管理决策目标的组成要素以及内外主要因素；讨论了容量、价格和销售数量三个决策变量与市场需求要素之间的关系；具体地提出了达到收益管理目标可以采用的两条降低成本的途径和五种提高收入的基本方式；从系统的角度提出了集成性收益管理决策的结构模型。

The present thesis adopts Iseult Honohan's six basic elements of republicanism as a theoretical framework for the study of Jefferson's conception of republicanism, which is the theoretical basis of his conception of the ward system:(1) Jefferson's conception of virtue, characterized by his optimism about the universality of the moral sense and the people's capacity of self-government;(2) Jefferson's conception of freedom, characterized by his synthesis of both negative liberty and positive liberty;(3) Jefferson's criterion of the republican government and the scope of the republic, characterized by his synthesis of both participation and representation;(4) Jefferson's conception of the shaping of republican citizens, characterized by the synthesis of school education and active participation in public affairs;(5) Jefferson's conception of the material preconditions of the republic, characterized by his primary concern for the economic independence and political freedom of both the individual and the nation.

杰斐逊的共和主义思想是他的分区制度构想的理论基础。论文首先采用Iseult Honohan 的"共和主义基本要素"作为理论框架，从以下五个方面对杰斐逊的共和主义思想进行研究：(1)道德观，主要特点体现为对道德意识的普遍性和人民的自治能力持乐观态度；(2)自由观，主要特点体现为消极自由与积极自由相结合；(3)共和政府的标准以及共和国的范围，主要特点体现为人民直接参政与代议制相结合；(4)塑造共和公民，主要特点体现为学校教育与积极参与公共事务相结合；(5)共和国的经济基础，主要特点体现为对个人与国家的经济独立与政治自由的关注。

The former three chapters are about theoretical research, and the forth chapter is about empirical research. The theoretical research part generalizes the theoretical basis, theoretical model and the concept of city competitiveness both at home and abroad. According to these theories, the paper introduces the complete and explicit definition of city competitiveness and brings in a new city competitiveness model .The paper emphasizes on empirical research using the data in 2004 as sample, whose objects are ten big cities:Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Tianjin, Shenyang, Dalian, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Wuhan, Chongqing and Chengdu. Firstly, on the basis of mean square deviation method, it finds out both the scores of integrated competitiveness of cities and other factors, based on that analyze the relationship between them. And then the paper computes the scores of competitiveness of cities above by principal component analysis and sorts out them for assessment.

理论研究部分主要是概括的叙述了城市竞争力研究的理论基础和理论模型及国内外城市竞争力的概念，在此基础之上对城市竞争力给出了完整明确的定义，并提出了新的城市竞争力模型；全文的重点在实证分析部分，实证分析是以广州、深圳、天津、沈阳、大连、南京、杭州、武汉、重庆、成都10个城市为研究对象，以其2004年的数据为样本，首先用均方差的方法计算各城市综合竞争力与各要素竞争力的得分，以此来分析综合竞争力与各要素竞争力之间的关系，然后采用因子分析的方法计算2004年各城市综合竞争力的得分并给出排序进行评价。

An entire audience level of forests landscapes altogether division is 7 kind of landscapes essential factors,Pine forest, the foliage forest, the bamboo grove and the pinery are this area main forest landscape essential factor type.

全场一级森林景观共划分为7类景观要素，其中杉木林、阔叶林、竹林和松林是该区的主要森林景观要素类型。

Value is the product of the relationship of demand and supply between subjects and objects Subjects consist of three levels such as human totality,groups subjecting to the human totality,and human individuals Coresponding to it,objects include the outside world with respect to human totality（groups+individuals+the world outside human being）,the outside world with respect to human groups,and the outside world with respect to human individuals Therefore,things possess value,so do human beings Because humans themselves are the unity of subjects and objects,humans have selfvalue The reciprocal function of the factors constituting value decides the production of value,promote the changes of value,which is the basic subject of thelaw of value The three factors which have influence on the changes in value are the demand of subjects.the character of objects.and practice The origin of the conflicts of value concepts lies in the differences and opposites of the living conditions of human subjects The direct originis the differences and opposites of value objects Therefore,in order to gradually eliminate the conflicts of human value concepts,the differences of the living conditions of human subjects must be eliminated thoroughly

价值是主客体之间需要与满足关系的产物。主体有人类整体、人类整体之下的群体以及人类个体三个层次，与之相应，客体也包括与人类整体相对的外部世界（群体+个体+人以外的世界）、与人类群体相对的外部世界以及与人类个体相对的外部世界。因而不仅物具有价值，人亦有价值。由于人自身是主客体的统一，因而人还有自我价值。构成价值的各个要素相互作用决定价值的生成、推动价值的变化，这是价值规律的基本内容。影响价值变化的主要有主体需要、客体属性及实践三个要素。价值观念冲突的最终根源在于人类主体生存条件之差别和对立，直接根源则在于价值客体的差别和对立。因而要逐步消除人类价值观念的冲突就必须从根本上消除人类主体生存条件方面的差别做起。

Based on the research of oil geology characteristic of Xing'anling group in Sudeerte area,by researching the three main accumulation factors source rock,transform pathway and trap for oil formation, showed that the main transform pathway for oil migration in K1n are source rock,unconformity and sand body,and trap related with fault is the main place for oil migration.

在苏德尔特地区兴安岭群石油地质特征研究的基础上，对其油成藏的源岩、输导通道和圈闭3个主要成藏要素进行了研究，得到南屯组是其主要源岩，源断裂、不整合面和砂体是油运移的主要输导通道，与断层有关的圈闭是油聚集的主要场所。

This paper firstly introduces the point set of topology theory, enumerating all kinds of topology relations which have practical application value.

首先介绍了点集拓扑理论，归纳了有实际应用价值的各种拓扑关系，分析了拓扑模型中的最基本拓扑元素和空间实体的关系；然后提出了一种要素类的拓扑构建方法，其算法以MAPGIS7.0空间实体的结构为依据，主要体现要素分裂的思想。

This paper mostly use normative method to study professional judgment, including basic theory of auditing professional judgment, professional judgment"s new characteristic and significance which based on the modern risk-based audit, the new auditing mode"s further request to professional judgment.

本文主要采用规范研究的方法，对注册会计师职业判断风险相关的含义及形成机制、职业判断风险的构成要素进行具体分析。最后在分析具体风险要素现状的基础上提出了如何防范或降低注册会计师职业判断风险的措施。

The paper sees Horton code as a primary characteristic value and generalizing condition of the river network, and selects, simplifies and generalizes river based on scale of before and after generalization,, The main contents of paper include:(1)Reviews generalization concept, arithmetic operators, methods, influence factor and frame of map generalization and design, analyze core theory of feature —oriented map generalization, discuss the main context and applicable method of river feature generalization(2) Summarizes natural form and spatial configuration characteristic of the river network, and describe the river network using digraph Paper mostly researches tree —like river, identifies the direction of river based on the angle of the main and secondary reach, and identifies the main river based on most length and predominant continuation of the flow direction along the major channel , then receives the grade of river by recursion and structuralize river network, builds hiberarchy rank system of river based on Horton coding(3)Designs the model of river network based on Horton code, and organizes the data of node, branch and river.

本论文把Horton编码作为水系网的一个主要特征值并以此作为综合条件，并根据综合前后的比例尺对水系网进行选取、化简和概括。论文的主要工作包括：(1)总结地图综合的概念、算子分解、实现方法、主要影响因素和总体设计框架，分析面向地理特征的制图综合的核心理论支撑，在此基础上讨论水系专题要素综合的主要内容和综合适用的方法。(2)总结水系网的自然形态和空间结构特征，用图论对水系网进行描述。以树状水系作为主要研究对象，依据树状水系的主支流交汇关系确定水系流向，依据水系中主流的长度最长和主流保持原有的流向趋势确定主流，按此递归得到河流的不同级别，对基于河段组织的水系网结构化，自动建立水系的Horton编码。(3)设计基于Horton码的水系网模型，对结点、河段、河流和河系的数据进行有效的组织。

Through detailed analysis of the concept and nature of the "megalopolis", this paper discusses the relationship and influence factors between change of the industrial and urban and township spatial structures of the Yangtze Delta Area and argues that: i the two highly modernized networks (infrastructure networks and the market and industrial organization networks) based on functional division of labor between individual cities possess crucial importance in facilitating change and upgrade of the industrial structure on one side and sustained optimization of the organizational pattern of the urban and township spatial structure on the other; ii in the light of the Yangtze Delta Area, influence factors in promoting positive corresponding states between change of the industrial structure and urban and township spatial structure are concerned with development level of the first place city, rational and orderly hierarchy of the urban and township system and, meanwhile, up-to-dateness of the city networks.

本文以长三角为研究地区，对产业结构演进与城镇空间结构的对应关系和影响要素进行了探讨。据此认为，基于城市功能定位和合理分工基础之上的高度现代化的两大网络（基础设施网络、市场体系和产业组织网络）是推进产业结构不断演进和升级的重要条件，也是推动城镇空间结构和组织模式持续优化的着力点和主要抓手；促进产业结构演进与城镇空间结构对应的影响要素主要包括：首位城市的发达程度、城市间合理和有序的层级关系、城市体系网络的现代化程度。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。