主要成本

Water requirements of several main crops were analyzed using Penman-monteith equation and GIS technique. A model of synthetic benefit analysis on crops was built to study the compensation of water resources.

应用GIS技术及FAO推荐的Penman-Monteith方法计算了主要作物的需水量，建立了包含水资源成本的作物综合效益研究模型，并对水资源补偿问题进行了初步探讨。

So how to increase the PV array's conversion efficiency and reduce the cost of PV array are the main focuses of the research in photovoltaic technology.

所以在太阳能技术中，如何增加太阳能板的转换效和减少太阳能板的成本是主要的研究。

It includes the dead-weight of social welfare created by monopolistic pricing, X-inefficiency caused by monopoly, resource loss created thanks to consumers choosing substitute products and efficiency loss caused by the rent-seeking of monopoly.

垄断的社会成本主要包括垄断定价造成的社会福利净损失、垄断导致的X-非效率、消费者选择替代产品所造成的资源损耗以及垄断寻租活动造成的效率损失等。

The former is the conversion into monetary cost in accordance with effective work time and local per capital income by collecting relevant service flow time.The later mainly includes management,training,operation location rent,equipment depreciation,water and electricity charge and cost of repair and maintenance,etc.

前者通过收集服务流程时间，根据有效工作时间和当地行业人均收入折算成货币成本；后者主要包括管理、培训、业务用房租金、设备折旧、水电与维修费几个部分。

To Oct. Leaders and teachers from AQSIQ, MOFCOM, Ministry of Foreign Affair and Party School of Guangdong CCP committee will be invited. Professional experts, scholars with good English communicative skills will teach at the workshop. There will be 14 lectures including: Fundamental Realities of China, Commerce in China, China's Reform and Opening, Chinese Foreign Relations, Decision Mechanism, Administration Capacity Building, Cost Control, Kimberley Process Certification Scheme Requirements in Detail, Entry-Exit Surveillance and Risk Assessment, Internal Surveillance and Work Guide System Building, The Application of Network Administration System in Kimberley Process, Kimberley Process Certification Scheme Operational Management Website Practice, Rough Diamond Trade and Processing Control Practice, Rough Diamond Inspection Technology; 3 on-site practice courses include: Port Administration Practice, Computer Operating System, Commonly Used Office Software and Internet Practice, and Rough Diamond Inspection Practice; 3 on-site investigation tours include: Business in Cosmopolitan City Guangzhou, Diamond Import-Export and Processing Enterprises Supervision, and Trade Supervision at Shanghai Diamond Exchange.

本次研修班的主要内容如下：研修班共安排十四项专题讲座，讲座题目分别是中国的基本国情、中国的商务工作、中国的改革开放、中国的对外关系、决策机制、执政能力建设、成本控制、金伯利进程证书制度要求详述、进出口监管与风险评估、内部监控及工作导则体系建设、网络管理系统在金伯利进程工作中的应用、金伯利进程证书制度业务管理网站实务、毛坯钻石贸易及加工监管实务和毛坯钻石查验技术方法，将邀请国家质检总局、商务部、外交部的领导以及广东省委党校的老师，同时选派和聘请多名专业水平高，具备外语沟通能力的专家、学者为学员授课。

By analyzing the cut theories and practice over a long period o f time,this paper gradually groped the influence to the process quantity and the cost of process for every kind of factor,and also discovered the disadvantage o f the current process of aiguilles.

依据切削理论及长期的实践经验，探索出影响加工质量及加工成本的主要因素，发现通用类钻头、丝锥在加工不锈钢类材料所具有的局限性。

Although the offers vary,amortizing the cost of the PC through long-term Internet access contracts appears to be emerging as the primary business model .

尽管提供产品的方式各有不同，但是通过长期Internet 访问合同来弥补PC 成本的损失似乎正作为一种主要的商业模式出现。

The purpose of this work is to develop new methods for syntheses of polyimides derived from chlorophthalic anhydrides.

本工作的目的是以氯代苯酐和二胺为原料，制备双氯代酞酰亚胺单体，然后进行聚酰亚胺合成方法的研究，以达到减少合成步骤，降低其生产成本的目的，主要内容如下： 1由双氯代酞酰亚胺与双酚A在不同体系中进行聚合反应，发现双酚是否完全成盐和聚合体系含水量是决定聚合物分子量的关键因素。

Fifthly, rent-out farmers' protection of cultivation sustenability and control of management right of farmland, and rent-in farmers' demand of absolute management right all rest with bargainers' caculation of bargaining cost and income. Sixthly, quantity of farmland that involved in rental market will experience the process which increacing first and reducing afterwards in future.

转出农地的农户是否对农地利用的可持续性进行保护和对农地的经营权进行紧密控制，以及转入农地的农户是否具有对农地经营权的独立性和完整性的要求都主要取决于交易者对交易成本和交易收益的衡量。

This paper constructs the bargain game model with incomplete information and alternating offers between power generation company and power consumer,by using the thought of Rubinstein alternating offers.Then solving the model and analyzing the conclusions,it believes that,whether the two bargainers can reach the bargain lies on "the cost of bargaining" and their estimations on others expectatiions of spot price.

运用鲁宾斯坦的轮流出价讨价还价模型的思想，构造发电公司与大用户之间关于直购电力价格的不完全信息轮流出价的讨价还价博弈模型，求解模型并对所得的结果进行分析，得出双方达成协议主要取决于双方的&谈判成本&以及它们关于对方实时电力价格预期的估计。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。