主要成本

This paper discusses a logistics capability scheduling under a time-based multi-stage supply chain management.The main systemic costs are fixed capacity cost and inventory cost.

摘要本文考察了在基于时间的多阶供应链环境下的物流运作能力计划，主要的系统成本是物流要素能力固定成本和库存成本。

Though the fixed cost of traditional-cage-culture is higher than that of offshore-cage-culture because of its being located in bay and shallow sea, but now the ruleless culture tremendously raising its managerial risk of fish infectious disease.

其主要原因有以下三个方面：(1)我国目前阶段农村劳动力价格极低，劳动生产率的提高不足以抵消固定成本的增加，是深水网箱养鱼成本偏高的主要原因。

The main findings of the empirical analysis include: 1 The decisions concern the choices of auto ownership, mode to work, and auto use were made simultaneously and interrelatedly. 2 The decline in correlation between the choices of auto ownership and use as the number of vehicle increase indicated that to own multi-vehicles in not necessary due to the demand for auto use. 3 Both price elasticity and income elasticity for auto ownership are low. This evidence implies that auto has become a kind of necessity for household. Therefore, the effect of decreasing the tendency of auto growth by means of increasing the cost of owning auto would not be significant. The price elasticities of auto use are between -0.48 and -0.78. 4 There are same underlying factors influencing auto ownership, mode to work, and auto use including: parking time at residential location, accessibilities to work location by auto and transit, auto use unit cost, and the percentage of auto use for work. These factors indicate a direction for the formatting of future automobile policies.

本研究以台湾地区之家户个体资料从事实证分析，实证分析之主要结论如下：1小汽车持有数量、工作者工作运具选择、与小汽车使用量等选择间确有相关与联立性存在；2小汽车持有数量选择与小汽车使用量选择间之相关性会随小汽车持有数量的增加而降低，显示选择持有多部小汽车并非完全基於小汽车使用之需要；3小汽车持有之价格弹性与所得弹性均偏低，显示小汽车已成为民生必需品，欲以提高小汽车持有成本之价格手段来抑制小汽车持有，并无法竟其功，小汽车使用需求之价格弹性则在-0.48与-0.78间；4影响小汽车持有数量、工作者工作运具、与小汽车使用量等选择主要之相关或共同因素包括：家户附近停车状况、私人运具与大众运输工具之工作可及性、小汽车单位使用成本、与小汽车工作使用比率等，以上这些影响因素可为日后小汽车相关政策的研拟提供一方向。

The level of service ofBPO is mainly decided by some strategic indices ,such as accuracy, timing,efficiency,processnormalization and costeffectiveness .Its strategic meaningness is mainly manifested by cost reduction and efficiency improvement.

业务程序外包的服务水平主要由一些战术性指标决定，如准确性、时间、效率、流程规范性、成本节约，其战术意义主要体现在成本削减和效率提升上。

The research aims at property owners and design organizations to do methodic exploration in serial model on mainstay frame of Electromechanical Engineering list budget, configuration mode of design origination, designs origination, the different notions and operations between firms bid for engineering.

本研究主要将针对业主及设计单位，经由相关文献收集、工程个案汇整、专家访谈与个人工作经验探讨等方式，以机电工程成本估算方法为主轴，依序从机电工程标单预算主体架构、设计组织组成方式、设计单位与投标厂商对成本估算观念与作法上差异，做有条理性的探讨，以期弥补营建管理学术研究领域中，在此部份研究不足之处，而主要研究重点包含下列几点

Activity-based costing system apportions merchandise cost by activity cost factor mainly which can make up the deficiency of the traditional cost system.

作业基础成本系统主要以作业成本动因来分摊商品成本，正可以补足传统成本制度的不足。

The image of the company will be upgrade and the management efficiency will be heightened. And that the values of third party logistics are embodied through cost value, service value, dispersing risk value, improving competitive edge value, society value and so on. The value of third party logistics is origin from four parts, the first is that improves the efficiency, the second is that intergrades the client and achieves the increase of scale economy by degrees, the third is that intergrades the portrait and transy logistics and enhances the competitive advantage, the fourth is that expands the business of client and appreciates the value of supply chain.

第三方物流给企业带来了众多益处，其优势主要表现在：节省费用，降低成本，加速资本循环；提升企业形象；提高企业经营效率；而第三方物流价值则体现在成本价值、服务价值、风险分散价值、竞争力提升价值、社会价值等方面；第三方物流的价值来源主要为：一是提高运作效率，二是进行客户运作的整合，实现规模经济效益的递增，三是实现横向与纵向整合，提高竞争优势，四是通过发展客户的运作实现供应链的全方位增值。

Mobile phone RF system consists mainly of transceivers, power amplifier and antenna switch. PA might be set in the Front-End-Module or FEM. In 2G, the cost of RF system was only about US $1.5, while In 3G, the cost was increased to between US$6.0 and US$8.0, and the cost will further increased to about US$8.0 to US$10.0 in 4G, obviously, FR system had the highest cost growth during the upgrading of mobile phones.

手机射频系统有三个主要零组件，收发器、功率放大器（Power Amplifier，下简称PA）和天线开关，有时PA包含在前端模块（Front-End-Module，简称FEM）。2G时代的射频系统只占大约1.5美元的成本，3G时代则占大约6-8美元的成本，4G时代则占大约8-10美元的成本，也是手机升级换代成本增加最多的部分。

Taking a general view of the paper, major innovative ideas and returns are as follows: The main innovative ideas are as follows: 1. The paper put forward the new idea that combine water-saving drilling with rotary percussion drilling creatively according to the present situation of water resource lack seriously and the background of implementation of state geological survey strategy. 2. The working principle of new designed system of water-saving hydraulic percussion device completely different from traditional hydraulic percussion device, the system can carry out rotary percussion drilling on the condition that no surface water be consumed, and achieve the purposes that saving surface water, cutting cost and improving drilling efficiency. 3. The design conception of steel ball percussion device is very novel, the percussion device is durable, with a simple structure, at the same time drilling efficiency would be improved highly and drilling cost would be reduced greatly when drill with the steel ball percussion device.

综观全文，论文的主要创新点及研究成果如下：主要创新点： 1、结合我国许多地区水资源严重短缺的现状以及国家实施地质大调查战略的背景，创造性地提出了&节水钻探&和&回转冲击钻进&结合起来的新思维； 2、设计出的节水型液动冲击器系统，其工作原理跳出了传统液动冲击器要消耗大量地表水的原理模式，在基本不消耗地表水的情况下便能实现回转冲击钻进，达到节约地表水、降低成本、提高钻探效率的目的； 3、设计的球体冲击器构思新颖，克服了同类产品冲击功传递效率低的弊端、且结构简单、经久耐用，可大幅度提高钻探效率、降低钻探成本。

This is not mentioned in the cost of the actual cost, but costs are based mainly on the developer's land costs, pre-engineering costs, construction installation works and infrastructure construction costs measured by the cost of these four drawn.

这是中未提及的费用的实际成本，但成本主要是根据开发商的土地成本，前工程费用，建筑安装工程和基础设施建设成本来衡量这些费用的四个得出。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。