主要成本

The third part discusses one of the core context——demand analysis,it mainly analyzes the Randomness of demand,including source and influence.Then it analyzes Poisson demand process including Characteristics,proof and the thought,feasibility and necessity of transformation to Normal Distribution and it gives the way and process of transformation——parameter estimation,Then it verifies unbias of parameter and adopts\'test of hypothesis.

第三章探讨了库存成本中的核心内容之一——需求分析，即主要针对需求的随机性进行分析，包括随机性的来源与影响，继而对需求为泊松分布进行分析，包括特点，证明及其向正态分布的转化的思想，可行性及和必要性，并给出了转化的方法及步骤——参数估计，并进行参数估计的无偏检验和假设检验。

Trilby Lundberg, publisher of the Lundberg Survey, said the new record high comes from an upward trend fueled by higher crude oil prices globally, increased demand for gas caused by economic growth in the United States and increased refinery costs resulting from seasonal changes in refinery processes mandated by environmental rules.

Lundberg Survey分析师Trilby Lundberg称：汽油价格升高主要原因为全球原油价格升高导致燃料价格上扬；美国经济增长对汽油需求增加；环境因素引起精炼工艺季节性变化所导致的提炼成本上升。

Speculation -- when buyers are purchasing homes primarily because they expect the price will increase -- can cause a bubble, but price hikes also can arise because of factors such as construction cost increases or an undersupply of homes.

市场投机心理——当买方主要因预计市场价格将上升而购房时——会导致泡沫的产生，但是市场价格也会因建筑成本上升或是供小于求等因素而出现上涨。

Its typical expressions of development are top quality and high efficiency, cleaning production and energy saving, unharmful emission, maximum quality uniformity and lowest cost.

摘 要：近代热处理生产技术发展神速，主要表现在优质高效、清洁节能、无害排放、分散最小、成本最低等方面。

Under this geological-evaluation model a computer evaluating program is made in Ziyuan and Lujing uranium ore -fields.

通过对硬岩型铀矿坑口堆浸法的工艺流程分析，总结出坑口堆浸成本由矿石开采费用、主要原材料费用等14项要素组成，并建立了地质经济评价模型。

When costs were primarily unit-based, a simple distinction between fixed and variable costs could be made.

当费用主要单位根据，固定和可变成本之间的简单的可能被区分。

This paper elaborates that the public transportation enterprises in Chinese Mainland are gradually introducing market mechanism,such as invitation public bidding and vendue.

论文首先阐述了中国大陆公共交通企业目前因为主要由国企垄断经营，在成本上升、客源下降的情况下，正逐渐引入市场竞争机制，如公共交通线路的招标与竞拍等。

This paper elaborates that the public transportation enterprises in Chinese Mainland are gradually introducing market mechanism, such as invitation public bidding and vendue. Because these enterprises are mainly managed by the state, they are currently under the circumstance of cost-rising and passenger-descending.

论文首先阐述了中国大陆公共交通企业目前因为主要由国企垄断经营，在成本上升、客源下降的情况下，正逐渐引入市场竞争机制，如公共交通线路的招标与竞拍等。

In the traditional lactic acid production methods, DL-lactic acid can be synthesized by chemosynthesis method, its cost is too high and its raw materials are venomousness; Optical purity lactate can be produced by Enzyme catalysis. Due to it"s more complicated technology and it"s high demanding for working condition, microbial fermentation has become the important method to produce lactic acid.

传统的乳酸生产方法中，化学合成法所用原料有剧毒，生产成本高：酶法生产乳酸工艺比较复杂，对生产条件要求较高，因此微生物发酵法生产乳酸成为乳酸生产的主要方法。

Currently most domestic break-test-plateform adopt the liquid-pressure-servo technique, which possesses the advantages of higher frequency-response and higher controlling exactness, but in the same time , the disadvantages of higher cost, variation of function with the change of oil viscousness produced by the fluctuation of temperature.

目前，国内的制动器试验台大多采用的是液压伺服控制，这种控制具有响应频率高、控制精度高等优点，主要缺点是系统成本高、油液粘度随温度变化引起工作性能的变化、且液压系统对油液的污染比较敏感，必须要有良好的保护和过滤措施。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。