主要成本

The evolutionary mechanism of manufacturing system is studied using the hypercycle theory in the organic evolution. It is pointed out that the networked manufacturing model evolves in the form of hypercycle organizations based on product or task and the hypercylce organizations of enterprises are coupled together through the product or the manufacturing ability.

对网络化制造的组织模式和运作模式进行了分类研究；分析了我国中小制造企业网络技术应用现状；提出了中小制造企业网络化制造模式选择的分析框架，中小企业要充分利用社会化资源开展网络化制造以降低成本减少风险；提出了网络化制造的集成平台框架，描述了框架结构和主要功能并对其特点作了分析，该集成乎台能较好地实现各种中介功能，帮助中小企业低成本地开展网络化制造。

In the time when the advantages of regional economy are mainly determined by investment cost, this explanation is to a large extent correct, but in the time when the economy is globalize and knowledged, the importance of investment cost toward the formation and maintenance of the advantages of regional economy decreases.

在区域经济优势主要由投入成本决定的时代，这种解释在很大程度上是正确的，但在经济全球化、知识化的时代，投入成本对区域经济优势的形成和保持的重要性大大降低了。

Forth, the dissertation dicuss the characterastic of leisure service's supply, channel of supply, the major factors influence the supply of leisure service, and leisure service aggregate supply upward rule.The major factors influence leisure service supply include the price of leisure service, the technique level and latticing level of leisure service's supply, cost of supply, enterprise size, the producers expectation to the future. The channel of leisure service's supply is mainly include self-supply, supply by private sector, supply by public sector, supply by voluntary sector international supply.

接着，论文讨论了休闲服务供给的特点、供给渠道、影响休闲服务供给的主要因素，以及休闲服务总供给上升律，认为影响休闲服务供给的主要因素包括休闲服务的价格、休闲服务供给的技术水平和网络化水平、供给成本、企业规模及生产者对未来的预期；休闲服务供给的渠道则主要有自我供给、私人部门供给、公共部门供给、志愿性部门供给和国际供给。

As two main roles that dominate IC testing cost, tester and handlershould all contribute their own maximum capacities in order to achieve the objective oftest cost reduction.

作为控制着半导体产品测试成本的两个主要因素，测试系统和测试机都应该尽量达到它的最大能力，以达到降低产品测试成本的目的。

Automobile industry. Our primary goal is to present a framework that enables one to obtain estimates of demand and cost parameters for a class of oligopolistic differentiated products markets.

我们主要的目的是提供一种框架，这个框架能够使一个人能够评估针需求和成本参数，这个需求和成本参数是针对不同产品市场的市场垄断者的。

The traditional logistics cost precontrol is mainly cost pre-decision-making and rarely involved logistic strategic analysis.

传统的物流成本事前控制主要是对成本进行预决策等，很少涉及物流战略分析。

The change of uncompulsory schooling cost accounted formost of increase of rural education expense in primary school ,whileon the contrary ,the change of compulsory schooling cost play the dominantrole in the junior school although the propensity of school transfer injunior school is stronger than the primary school.

其中，小学主要是择校的成本在上升，而初中则是正常入学的成本在上升，尽管初中的择校倾向高于小学。

The main point of this paper is to find how to lower the cost in the medicine circulation company.

本文主要探讨医药流通企业的成本问题，从而为我国的医药流通企业降低成本提供可行的建议。

As production cost will be one of the main challenges for commercialization of fuel cells, a new approach to MEA production for PEMFC has been considered. Electrodes are produced by a new dry layer preparation method in a suction procedure and co-operated with a particle diffusion design.

薄膜电极组制造成本高昂是燃料电池商品化的一项障碍，本文所提出之MEA新式制作方式采用乾式制程配合粉末吸附与扩散机制将可缩短MEA之制作流程，达到简化制程之主要目的进而降低生产成本。

And take STC technology center as real diagnosis elaboration object, in full consideration enterprise scale expansion and advanced equipment use, specially in indirect cost because the fixed asset amortizes the amount the increase to assign the existence between various products the main question, introduced and has used the department Activity based cost management.

并以STC技术中心为实证阐述对象，在充分考虑企业规模的扩大和先进设备的使用，特别是间接成本中由于固定资产折旧金额的增加在各产品之间分配存在的主要问题，引入并采用了部门作业成本管理方法。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。