主要原因

Objective To investigate the clinical features, causes of blindness and diagnosis of Vogt Koyanagi Harada syndrome Methods The data of 157 patients with VKH syndrome were reviewed and analyzed Patients were carefully examined with slit lamp, ophthalmoscope, three mirror lens, fundus fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography and HLA typing Results Headache was noted in 73 5% of these patients Simultaneous involvement of both eyes occurred in 80 8% of these patients Chroiditis,papilledema and edema of the retina adjacent to the optic nerve were noted in 100% of these patients in the posterior uveitis stage, whereas recurrent granulomatous anterior uveitis (98 4%),"sunset glow" fundus (95 8%) and Dalen Fuchs nodules (71 2%) were the common ocular findings in the recurrent anterior uveitis stage The common causes of blindness were papillitis, exudative retinal detachment and complicated cataract in the posterior uveitis stage, anterior uveal involvement stage and its recurrent stage Poliosis (36 3%) and alopecia (35 0%) were the most common extraocular findings Early irregular patches of fluorescence, followed by localized hyperfluorescent spots were the typical findings of FFA Dilation of choroidal vessels and leakage of ICG from the choroidal vessels were the common ICGA findings The prevalence of HLA DR4 and HLA DRw53 in patients (54 9% and 71 8% respectively) was significantly higher than that in controls (14 7% and 38 2% respectively) Conclusions VKH syndrome is characterized by chroiditis, papillitis or neuroretinitis in the posterior uveitis stage, followed by a generalized uveitis with a typical recurrent granulomatous anterior uveitis Extraocular findings and relevant examinations including FFA, ICGA and HLA typing are helpful to the diagnosis of VKH syndrome

目的探讨Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada综合征患者的临床特征、盲目原因及诊断等有关问题。方法对在1996年1月至2000年12月间就诊资料完整的157例VKH综合征患者进行回顾性分析，并对裂隙灯、眼底镜、三面镜、荧光素眼底血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography，FFA)、吲哚青绿血管造影(indocyanine green angiography，ICGA)及人类白细胞抗原分型等检查结果进行分析。结果 VKH综合征最常见的前驱症状为头痛(102例，73.5%)，双眼同时患病118例(80.8%)；后葡萄膜炎期眼部主要表现为脉络膜炎、视乳头及附近视网膜水肿(100.0%)；前葡萄膜炎反复发作期眼部表现为复发性肉芽肿性前葡萄膜炎(128例，98.4%)、晚霞状眼底改变(95.8%)及Dalen-Fuchs结节(71.2%)；后葡萄膜炎期、前葡萄膜受累期及前葡萄膜炎反复发作期导致盲目的主要原因分别为视乳头炎、视网膜脱离及并发性白内障；毛发变白(36.3%)及脱发(35.0%)是最常见的眼外表现；炎症活动期FFA典型表现为斑驳状高荧光，ICGA发现脉络膜血管扩张、通透性增高等改变；VKH综合征患者HLA-DR4及HLA-DRw53的阳性率(54.9%及71.8%)显著高于正常对照组(14.7%及38.2%)。结论 VKH综合征患者在后葡萄膜炎期眼部典型表现为双侧脉络膜炎、视乳头炎或神经视网膜炎，随后出现以反复发作的肉芽肿性前葡萄膜炎为特征的全葡萄膜炎。眼外症状及相关的辅助检查包括FFA、ICGA 及HLA分型等有助于VKH综合征的诊断。

The chief cause of the action lay outside the person's character--in this case, in the character of the hypnotist

那一行为的主要原因在行为人的品性之外——此例中的主要原因在催眠师的品性之中。

Positive correlation between Mg~# and P_2O_5 and negative correlation between P_2O_5 and FeO suggest that addition of P is not the key role for the separation of immiscible oxide melts. In contrast, negative correlation between Mg~# and Fe_2O_3/FeO ratios implies that the increasing of oxygen fugacity is very likely the main factor to induce immiscibility of oxide melt.

Mg#与P2O5的正相关以及P2O5与FeO含量的负相关，表明P不是导致氧化物熔体不混熔的主要原因；而Mg#与Fe2O3/FeO的负相关则说明，岩浆演化过程中氧逸度的升高可能是导致氧化物熔体不混熔的主要原因。

Intraspecific competition is a major force in ecology and is responsible for phenomena such as dispersal and territoriality, as well as being the primary cause of population regulation via density-dependent processes.

种内竞争是生态学的一种主要影响力，是扩散和领域现象的原因，并且是种群通过密度制约过程进行调节的主要原因。

The variation of grain weight under different cultural and environmental treatments was essentially determined by the hull size, and that of grain weight among different specific gravities was essentially determined by grain plumpness, that were found to be consistent in the four varieties.

在不同栽培和环境条件下，谷壳大小是造成处理间粒重差异的主要原因，不同类型品种表现一致；在籽粒不同比重条件下，谷粒充实度高低是造成不同比重等级谷粒千粒重差异的主要原因，不同类型品种表现一致。

Although there was not a significant difference in cancellation rate in the operating theater between the patients who had been or had not been evaluated in preanesthetic clinic, there was an improvement of reducing the cancellation rate because of patient's medical problem in the operating theater.

在4.021位已经接受术前访视门诊的患者中，12位患者的手术被取消，主要取消原因是：外科医师取消（50％）、心血管功能不良（33％），及呼吸方面的问题（17％）。在2，478位没有经过术前访视门诊的患者中，7位患者的手术被取消，主要原因在於心血管功能不良（57％）、呼吸方面的问题（29％）及外科医师取消（14％）。

Premature delivery is the main cause of neonatal morbidity an

结论早产是新生儿发病和死亡的主要原因，RDS和感染是早产儿主要死亡原因。

Under the action of high confining pressures, the main reasons for the decrease in the strength of frozen fine sand are: pressure melting of pore ice, particle-size breakdown and the growth of microcracks; for frozen silty clay, they are: pressure melting of pore ice and the growth of microcracks.

围压作用下，影响冻结砂土强度弱化的主要原因是孔隙冰的压融、矿物颗粒细化和微裂隙的发育；影响冻结粉质粘土强度弱化的主要原因是孔隙冰的压融和微裂隙的发育。

Many Americans without pureblood differ from American main stream in appearance, ability, accent and even personality and so on. These differences all caused them to be bullied, insulted and mistreated and led to the campus violence. On the other hand, a great many of pure-blooded American children grew under the violence and sex, which made them tend to perform violent behaviors toward the weak. Therefore, we can assume the over open and complex society matured the major causes of children's violent orientation.

许多非纯种的美国人，多半都会有一些和美国主流社会比较不同的地方，不管是外貌、能力、口音甚至是个性…等等，这些部分都会成为他们被欺负、嘲笑、不平等对待的主要原因，校园暴力也就因此发生；另一方面，许多纯种的美国小孩，大多是在充斥暴力、色情的环境下长大，於是容易出现对於弱小的欺侮行为，所以，美国那种过於开放、复杂的社会，是养成孩童有暴力倾向的主要原因。

Though the fixed cost of traditional-cage-culture is higher than that of offshore-cage-culture because of its being located in bay and shallow sea, but now the ruleless culture tremendously raising its managerial risk of fish infectious disease.

其主要原因有以下三个方面：(1)我国目前阶段农村劳动力价格极低，劳动生产率的提高不足以抵消固定成本的增加，是深水网箱养鱼成本偏高的主要原因。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。