主教的

Presbyterianism in a wide sense is the system of church government by representative assemblies called presbyteries, in opposition to government by bishops, or by congregations (congregationalism, independency), in its strict sense, Presbyterianism is the name given to one of the groups of ecclesiastical bodies that represent the features of Protestantism emphasized by Calvin.

长老会在广泛意义上的制度是教堂的政府代表呼吁presbyteries集会，反对政府的主教（主教制度， prelacy ），或由教会，在其严格意义上说，长老会的名称是考虑到一个教会团体的代表机构的特点，强调了新教加尔文。

For this reason the Holy See, after restating the principles, leaves the decision to the individual Bishop who, having consulted his presbyterate, is better able to know the local situation, to weigh the concrete possibilities of choice and to evaluate the possible consequences within the diocesan community.

所以，圣座在重申了原则后，让个别主教来决定，因为主教在听取了其司铎们的意见后，能更好地了解当地的情况、衡量具体的选择、评估给教区团体内部可能带来的后果。

The kings and princes were taking money as the price of appointing a man to be bishop or abbot; the bishop or abbot was taking money, etc., from men who wished to be ordained, and from priests who wanted parishes, canonries, and so forth; the priests, in their turn, were only ministering for a price; such is simony, and church life, by the testimony of every writer, every reformer, every saint of these times, was saturated with the poison, and had been so for generations.

国王和王储正在钱的价格范围内指定一名男子被主教或住持；主教或住持正在钱等，由男子谁希望晋牧，从神父谁想要教区， canonries ，等等；祭司，在他们反过来，只有ministering的价格；这种是西摩尼，和教会生活中，作证的每一个作家，每改革者，每圣这些倍，已经饱和的毒药，并已使几代人。

Thus Session XIII begins:"The Holy Synod forbids to all the faithful in future to believe, teach, or preach concerning the Holy Eucharist otherwise than is explained and defined in the present decree", and it ends: As, however, it is not enough to speak the truth without discovering and refuting error, it has pleased the Holy Synod to subjoin the following canons, so that all, now knowing the Catholic doctrine, may also understand what heresies they have to beware against and avoid.

"因此，第十三届会议开始："罗马教廷的主教禁止所有的忠实在未来相信，教导，或鼓吹关于罗马教廷圣体圣事，否则比是解释和界定，在目前法令"，它结束："不过，这是不足够的讲真话，没有发现和反驳错误，它高兴圣主教，以subjoin以下的大炮，以便使所有，现在知道天主教教义，也可明白什么歪理邪说，他们必须提防反对和避免。

Pope Hormisdas sent legates to reconcile the patriarchs and metropolitans, and every bishop was forced to sign, without alteration, a petition in which he accepted the faith which had always been preserved at Rome, and condemned not only the leaders of the Eutychian heresy, but also Zeno's time-serving bishops of Constantinople, Acacius and his successors.

教皇卡尔米斯达斯发送legates调和始祖和大城市，每一个主教被迫签订，没有改建，一份请愿书，他接受了信仰一直保存在罗马，并谴责不仅领导人的Eutychian异端邪说，但还芝诺的时间服务君士坦丁堡的主教， Acacius和他的继任者。

This holy synod also decrees and declares, regarding this matter, that instructions are to be sent to the most reverend fathers and lords in Christ, patriarchs, primates, archbishops, bishops, and their vicars in spirituals, wherever they may be, in which they are to be commissioned and ordered on the authority of this sacred council and under pain of excommunication, to punish effectively those who err against this decree.

这个神圣的主教也法令，并宣布，关于这件事，即指示被派到最尊敬的父亲和上议院在基督里，长者，是灵长类，大主教，主教，以及他们vicars在spirituals ，无论他们身在何处，他们在其中要委托，并下令有关当局把这一神圣的议会，并根据疼痛的禁教，以有效地惩罚那些犯错反对这项法令。

This sacred synod has had the aforesaid forty-five articles examined and frequently considered by many most reverend fathers, cardinals of the Roman church, bishops, abbots, masters of theology, doctors in both laws and many notable persons.

这片神圣的主教已经具备上述45条审查，而且经常被许多人最尊敬的父亲，枢机主教的罗马教会，主教，方丈都很人，船长的神学，医生，在这两个法律和许多著名人士。

By that time, however, the situation had greatly improved in the Eastern Church- nearly all the bishops who had taken part in the Robber Synod had now repented of their aberration and signed, in union with their orthodox colleagues, the "Epistola dogmatica" of Leo to Flavian, by this act rendering the need of a council less urgent.

到那个时候，不过，这种情况已大有改善，在东部教会，几乎所有的主教，谁参加过在匪徒的主教现在已经忏悔，他们的畸变，并签署了，在联盟与东正教会的同事，& epistola dogmatica &利奥向弗拉维安，由该法绘制需要一个会较不迫切。

Our lord Jesus Christ, who has been blasphemed by him, has determined through this most holy synod that the same Nestorius should be stripped of his episcopal dignity and removed from the college of priests.

我们的主耶稣基督，谁亵渎了他，已确定通过这一最神圣的主教，同样涅斯多留应该剥夺他的尊严和主教从学院的神职人员。

In 1897 at the Diamond Jubilee of the accession of Queen Victoria, and again in 1901 when Edward VII succeeded to the throne, the Catholic episcopate desired to present addresses, but on each occasion it was intimated to the cardinal that the only permissible style would be "the Roman Catholic Archbishop and Bishops in England".

在1897年在钻石银禧的加入维多利亚女王，并再次在1901年时，爱德华七世继承王位，天主教主教理想，以目前的地址，但每次都被恐吓，以枢机主教认为，只有允许的作风会&罗马天主教的大主教和主教在英格兰&。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。