主应力

A Material nonlinear finite element analysis for the cast-in-place reinforced concrete hollow slab that occurs from initial loading, cracking, yielding to failing is carried on. The cracking load, ultimate load, the displacement rules and the principal stress distribution rules of the hollow slab under the vertical loads are obtained. A Material nonlinear finite element analysis for the single span hollow flat-plate floor is also carried on. The function of the concealed wide-flat beams is definite by analyzing the principal stress distribution diagram. The calculating results verify the theoretical analysis and give some important conclusions which are great useful to improve the constructing of the new flat-plate floor.

其次对空心板进行了从加荷、开裂、屈服直至破坏的全过程材料非线性有限元计算，得到了空心板在竖向荷载作用下的开裂荷载、极限荷载及位移和应力分布规律；还对单跨无梁楼盖进行了材料非线性有限元计算，通过分析主应力场明确了柱上暗扁梁的作用；有限元计算的结果验证了以上的理论分析并得到了一些重要的结论，对改进现浇空心板无梁楼盖的构造措施有重要的参考价值。

Based on the analysis of vertical open degree of fault and its influence factors in active period ,a method judging vertical open degree of the fault in active period was set up by the angle between the orientation of maximum principal compressive stress and the strike of the fault.

在分析断裂活动时期垂向开启程度及其影响因素的基础上，利用最大主压应力方向与断裂走向之间夹角的大小，建立了一套断裂活动时期垂向开启程度的判别方法，将其应用于海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷布达特群潜山4条主要源断裂的研究中。

In the crack propagation process, grains near the main crack are deformed and elongated tempestuously, resulting in their breaking and new grains with high angle grain boundary formed.

在裂纹扩展过程中，强烈的内应力使主裂纹附近的晶粒产生剧烈的变形，拉长直至破裂，并形成新晶粒；新形成的晶界表现为大角晶界。

In order to guarantee enough stress store, good continuity and continuum, the pre-stressed tensile force between the beams becomes a more important subject.

为了保证足够的应力储备，良好的的连续性和整体性，主梁连接部位的二次预应力张拉成为一个比较重要的研究课题。

This paper also analyzes some problems in current calculation methods of the principal tensile stress.

本文还分析了现行主拉应力方法计算梁斜截面抗裂强度所存在的问题。

Through the hypersingular integral equations of 3-d crack perpendicular to the interface given in the preceding, the principles of finite-part integrals and of limit are further made use of to pick the hypersingular integral equations of 3-d crack terminating at the interface On the basis of the equations, starting strictly from 3-d theory of elasticity, stress singularities of intersection-line near the front edge of the 3-d crack terminating at the interface are analyzed by virtue of dominant-part analysis of 2-d hypersingular integrals.

根据前面所得到的与界面垂直的单片裂纹超奇异积分方程，进一步运用有限部积分原理和极限理论，推导出了与界面垂直相抵的三维平片裂纹的超奇异积分方程。在此基础上，严格从三维理论出发，使用二维超奇异积分的主部分析方法，对与界面垂直相抵的三维平片裂纹前沿交线上的应力奇性指数进行了分析。

Based on the method of strength analysis, physical dimensions of PSP, i.e., winding angle, number of steel wires, diameter of steel wire, position of composite layer and wall thickness of PSP, are optimized. The cost can be decreased by 1.2% and 5.2% or burst pressure can be increased by 30.9% and 40.9% in virtue of optimization.

采用细观力学分析方法得到单层板主方向上的强度性能；比较不同的强度失效准则后，以最大应力强度准

The earthquakes mainly show normal or strike-slip faults in Yajiang, North-triangle and west o f Chengdu-block areas, indicating that the vertical forces have been pl aying an important role in the source stress fields, while the earthquake mainly show reverse or strike-slip faults in Baoxing-Tianquan area, with the horizon tal compone nts of the principal pressure stress axis identical to the south-west directi on to which the shallow mass was moving.

雅江、 北三角和成都地块西部3个分区，地震破裂以正断层、走滑型为主，表明垂向作用力在震源应力场中发挥了不可忽视的作用宝兴天全地区的地震以逆断层、走滑型为主，其主压应力轴水平分量与浅层物质运移的南西方向一致。

A linear programming model for the shape optimization of arch dams is established to minimize the maximal t ensile stress of the arch dam.

摘要以最大主拉应力最小作为目标函数，建立了拱坝体型优化设计的线性规划模型。

In order to solve the experimental problem of tricrystal,elastic stress distribution of copper tricrystal under monotonical loading was analyzed by finite element method,the shear stress on slip system in each grain was analyzed.

采用有限单元法计算三晶体在单向拉伸载荷作用下弹性阶段的应力场，分析了三晶体中各晶粒主滑移系上的切应力分布，计算结果表明，当晶界平行于加载轴时，该晶界对其两侧晶粒有很明显的作用，较大程度的改变晶粒滑移系的形式，而且作用程度要超过三晶交点的作用，倾斜晶界则没有明显的作用。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。