主岩

Based on the petrological and geochronological study of metamorphic complexes from the Grove Mountains, the following conclusions are reached.(1)Exsolution texture is widely found in clinopyroxene in mafic granulites. A peak metamorphic temperature of 850 C was obtained from the reintegrated compositions of exsolved clinopyroxene. The preservation of augite megacrysts suggests a single episode of high-grade metamorphism for the Grove Mountains.(2)The compositional comparison of garnet from pegmatites with that from country rocks demonstrates that garnet in pegmatites is of xenocryst origin, and late amphibolite facies metamorphism does not occur in this area.(3)The Pan-African charnockite and post-tectonic sheet-like granite were first recognized in East Antarctica. Their occurrences suggest a collisional orogeny during the Pan-African time.(4)The SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating on various rock types indicates that the major metamorphism in the Grove Mountains occurs at c. 550 Ma, and the tectonothermal evolution terminated at c. 500 Ma. The Grenvillian granulite facies metamorphism did not develop in the studied area.(5)The Prydz belt, the second Pan-African suture within the Gondwana suppercontinent, was further comfirmed based on this study. The Gondwana suppercontinent was not formed by the simply juxtaposition of East and West Gondwana, but by the collision of several blocks during the Pan-African time.

本项目通过格罗夫山地区高级变质杂岩的变质岩石学和同位素年代学研究，获得如下重要认识：（1）发现辉石出溶结构，由此获得峰期变质温度为850 C，并根据火成普通辉石的识别确定该区只存在单相麻粒岩相变质；（2）通过伟晶岩中石榴石斑晶与围岩中石榴石的对比研究提出了石榴石的捕虏晶成因，进而确定该区不存在晚期角闪岩相变质作用；（3）在东南极首次识别出泛非期紫苏花岗岩和后构造层状花岗岩，为泛非构造热事件的碰撞造山成因提供了重要佐证；（4）对不同岩石类型的锆石SHRIMP定年精确地限定了格罗夫山地区主期变质作用发生于泛非期，～550 Ma，热事件结束于～500 Ma，年代学数据没有揭示在该区存在格林威尔期麻粒岩相变质作用的迹象；（5）进一步确认了东南极内部普里兹带的存在，它属于冈瓦纳超大陆内部的第二条泛非期缝合带，据此认为冈瓦纳超大陆并不是由东、西冈瓦纳陆块的简单拼合而成，而是多个不同块体拼合的结果。

Basanite and tephrite from Mt. Crater, Cape Bird and Bonney Lake exhibit similar composition in major elements and trace elements, rare earth elements . They are enriched in MgO, TiO〓, transitional elements and compatible elements , and depleted in SiO〓, Al〓O〓, Na〓O, K〓O, incompatible elements and rare earth elements; Latite from Cape Rodeys and Cape Evens are different from basanite and tephrite, they are enriched in SiO〓, Al〓O〓, Na〓O, K〓O, incompatible elements and rare earth elements, and depleted in Mgo, TiO〓, transitional elements and compatible elements. Volcanic rocks in five regions have the same isotopic ratio of 〓Sr/〓Sr (0.703115-0.703334) and 〓Nd/〓 Nd (0.512892-0.513076), however,〓Pb/〓Pb ratio in volanic rocks from Mt. Crater, Cape Bird and Bonney Lake is lower than those of Cape Rodeys and Cape Evens.

在主元素氧化物和微量元素、稀土元素含量上，克雷克特山、鸟角和博尼湖南岸的碧玄岩、碱玄岩成分比较类似，均具有较高的MgO、TiO〓、过渡元素和相容元素，较低的SiO〓、Al〓O〓、K〓O、Na〓O、不相容元素和稀土元素；罗德角和伊万思角安粗岩雷同，它们具有较高的SiO〓、Al〓O〓、Na〓O、K〓O、稀土元素和不相容元素，较低的MgO、TiO〓、过渡元素和相容元素，但五地区火山岩几乎具有一致的Sr、Nd同位素比值，〓Sr/〓Sr＝0.703115-0.703344、〓Nd/〓Nd＝0.512892-0.513076，在Pb同位素比值上，五地区的〓Pb/〓Pb＝18.664-19.913，其中碧玄岩和碱玄岩比安粗岩的比值稍低。

At Flat the host is quartz diorite with a finegrained contact phase.

在富来梯，主岩为细粒接触相的石英闪长岩。

Bray (1977) experience formula deal with distribution of principle stress under transversely isotropic rock with single joint, it could interpret distribution of principle stress while changing the laccolith's properties though, the influence proportion within parameters is hard to know.

Bray(1977)经验公式为一套处理单组节理下横向等向性岩体内主应力分布之简单公式，但变化岩盘性质时，仅能了解参数对主应力分布之改变，并无法得知参数间之影响比例。

Based on investigating the short and intermittent structural plane, surrounding rockmass of the huge underground powerhouse in Three Gorge has been divided into five statistical similar areas according to its characteristic of rockmass structure by applying structure plane network simulation. Distributed characteristic of structural plane has been studied and based on it mechanics macrocharacteristic has been studied:(1) It is the first time that based on the result of structural plane network simulation rockmass quality of every structure area has been studied with applying blurred information optimum seeking technique and be compared with and RQD method. The result indicated that it has better effect to evaluate rock quality with blurred information optimum seeking technique.(2) It is the first time that the interrelated relationship of the result of in-suit rockmass deformation test and fractal characteristic of structure on test point has been applied to determine rockmass deformation parameter. The question of evaluating deformation parameters of engineering rockmass has been solved.(3) Anisotropy strength parameters have been determined by applying shear zones simulating method. The result indicated that there are different strength parameters in every structural area, after comparing the result of Fast Lagranian Analysis in continua number simulation method with that of method of weighted mean according to continuity. The result indicated that when a suitable reduction coefficient is been considered rockmass strength parameters can be simply and fast determined with method of weighted mean according to continuity where there is not enough test result.(4) Damage characteristic has been studied based on analysis fractal characteristic of structural plane network by applying fractal-damage coupling method. It is the first time that the concept of damage degree has been set up to evaluate rockmass quality according to the biggest principal damage.

通过对短小、断续性结构面统计特征的研究，将地下厂房区划分为五个岩体结构统计均质区，应用结构面网络模拟技术研究了各个岩体结构均质区结构面的发育分布特征，并以此为基础对岩体宏观力学特性进行了深入研究：(1)首次通过在结构面网络模拟计算结果的基础上，应用模糊信息优化技术研究了厂房区各个岩体结构分区的岩体质量并与岩体基本质量指标研究法、岩体质量指标RQD值研究法作了对比，结果表明以结构面网络模拟结果为基础，应用模糊信息优化技术进行岩体质量评价能够取得很好的效果，解决了工程岩体质量的定量评价问题；(2)首次通过对已有的现场大型岩体变形试验结果的分析及相应试验点岩体结构分形特征的研究，建立了结构面分布的分形维数和岩体变形指标间的相关关系，并首次应用这种相关关系根据结构面网络模拟及分形维数计算结果确定了缺少试验结果的地下厂房各工程部位的岩体变形指标而且应用于围岩稳定性计算，解决了工程岩体宏观变形参数的评价问题；(3)应用在结构面模拟网络图上模拟岩体剪切破坏带的方法，得出了岩体在不同方向上的强度参数，结果表明岩体的强度特性与结构面的发育方向和程度有着明显的关系，各个岩体结构均质区具有不同的强度参数；同时还通过应用拉格朗日差分法对岩体强度指标的数值分析并与按连通率加权平均计算法对比表明，按连通率加权平均计算法在考虑合理的折减系数情况下，可以简单快速地对缺少现场大型试验结果的具体工程部位实现岩体强度指标的估计，通过以上研究解决了工程岩体抗剪强度参数的评价问题；(4)通过结构面网络分形维数的研究，应用分形损伤耦合分析方法，研究了厂房区岩体的损伤特征，并首次引入"损伤度"的概念，建立了应用最大主损伤评价岩体质量的指标体系。

The gold-bearing metamorphic fluid migrates from migmatite zone and granite to upper mylonite zone and lower mylonite zone in the slip system.

本文重点强调：具有从上部主糜棱岩带—混合岩带—花岗岩带—混合岩带—下部主糜棱岩带的岩石垂向分带性的滑动系统是深层次推覆过程中断裂动热变质、超变质作用，以致长英质岩石部分熔融的产物。

The statistical results of ultra-high pressure metamorphic rocks' logging susceptibility indicated that the susceptibility became low gradually from serpentinite to quartz eclogite,rutile-bearing eclogite,orthogneiss,retrograded eclogite,phengite eclogite,paragneiss,chlorite amphiboli...

测井磁化率统计结果表明CCSD主孔100~2 000 m超高压变质岩的磁化率从高至低依次为：蛇纹岩、石英榴辉岩、金红石榴辉岩、正片麻岩、退变质榴辉岩、多硅白云母榴辉岩、副片麻岩、绿泥石角闪岩、角闪岩。

The maximum run-out distance is 3200m. The three cases are studied from the Niuquangou rockslide-debris flow at the south west segment of the main seismic fault, the Chengxi rockslide at the middle segment of the main seismic fault and the Donghekou rockslide-debris flow at the north east segment of the main seismic fault.The three cases illustrates following common characteristics:(1)parent rockmass is broken under long geologic processing and weathered;(2) Rockmass was separately expanded and thrown under long-period strong ground vibration in which the vertical motion was predominant along the main seismic fault;(3)sliding mass was crashed at the exiting zone and transferred to fragment material;(4) The secondary landslide was triggered underneath the exiting zone due to the powerful crashing and shaving processes that provides more mass to debris body and cushion shape;(5) The a long run-out distance fragment flow is occurred under air layer lubrication. The air layer was pressed and turbulently flowed in the narrow-shaped valley, or laminarly flowed in the extensive flatland.

本文重点解剖了位于地震破裂带南西段的汶川映秀牛圈沟滑坡-碎屑流、位于地震破裂带中段的北川城西滑坡和位于地震破裂带北东段青川东河口滑坡-碎屑流3个典型实例，认为具有如下特征：1）岩性条件：母岩遭受长期构造动力作用，呈碎裂岩体，后期被强烈风化，岩体极为破碎；(2）抛掷效应：位于汶川地震主断裂带或附近，垂直加速度大于水平加速度，强地面运动持时长，岩体发生振胀和抛掷；3）碰撞效应：上部滑坡体发生高位剪出和高位撞击，致使岩体碎屑化；(4）铲刮效应：撞击作用导致下部山体被铲刮，形成次级滑坡，为碎屑流体提供了足够展翼和抛洒物源体积；5）气垫效应：碎屑化岩体快速抛掷导致下部沟谷空气迅速谷状圈闭和向下紊流，形成气垫效应，或者，在下部地形开阔地带压缩空气呈层流状态致使滑体凌空飞行。

Geochemical characteristics of 36 Tertiary mudstone samples from Kuqa depression show that the content of CaO is very high, which can somewhat dilute other major elements, trace elements and rare elements. Some reliable indicators for provenance analysis show the source rock nature of noncarbonate sediments. The REE distribution pattern is similar to that of the upper continental crust, characterized by enrichment of LREE and negative Eu anomalies. Some trace element ratios show that the source rocks are mainly felsic.

对库车坳陷第三系36件泥岩样品的地球化学特征分析表明，主量元素中CaO的含量很高，对其他主量元素以及微量和稀土元素有稀释作用，一些可靠的物源分析指标主要指示了非碳酸盐沉积物的源区性质；REE分布模式与上地壳相似，轻稀土元素富集，Eu负异常，微量元素比值显示源岩以长英质岩石为主。

The mineralization of a number of deposits of this class were associated with certain types of host rocks, but the most were formed by the unmixing of H2O-CO2-salt fluid with very high salinities and the mineralization is commonly linked to potassic alteration.

部分该类矿床的形成与一定的主岩类型有关，而多数矿床可能由高盐度H2O-CO2-盐混合流体的不混溶作用形成，且矿化通常与钾化有关。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。