主动脉的

Methods Arterial bypass with prosthesis - graft was carried out in 15 cases: ascending aorta- bilateral axillar arteries and unilateral ICA bypass in 6 cases, ascending aorta - bilateral axillar arteries bypass in 3 cases, ascending aorta - unilateral axillar arteries and unilateral ICA bypass in 5 cases, and in one case of complicated TA combined with abdominal aorta, ascending aorta- bilateral axillar arteries and unilateral ICA bypass were performed, followed by unilateral axilla - femeral bypass.

方法15例重症头臂型大动脉炎患者经胸行人工血管旁路术，升主动脉-双腋动脉、单颈内动脉架桥6例，升主动脉-双腋动脉架桥3例，升主动脉一单腋动脉、单ICA架桥5例，1例合并腹主动脉闭塞的复合型，一期行升主动脉-双腋动脉、单ICA架桥，二期行单侧腋股搭桥术。

The preoperation diameter of ascending aorta was taken as baseline. Patients were divided according to its baseline aortic diameter into diameter0 mm group and diameter≥40 mm group, furthermore, the patients were also divided according to echocardiographic findings into bicuspid aortic valve group and tricuspid aortic valve group.

以术前升主动脉直径为基础值，按基础值的大小分为直径﹤40mm组和直径≥40mm组，并按主动脉瓣形态分为二叶主动脉瓣组和三叶主动脉瓣组。

EDD and NEDD of external iliac artery in vivo (measured with high-resolution ultrasound), serum lipids, NO, NOS, plasma ET, ADMA, symmetric dimethylarginine and L-arginine, the area of AS plaque in thoracic aorta (dyeing with Sudan Ⅳ), the degree of AS lesion in abdominal aorta and external iliac arteries, NOS activity on the wall of the abdominal aorta, the expression of iNOS mRNA and eNOS mRNA on the wall of the abdominal aorta and the contractive and dilatant functions of abdominal aorta and external iliac arteries in vitro; B. the activities of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase in kidney (including the establishment of the determining method). 3. In the third part of the study, normal aorta strips were used. The following were surveyed: their response to using ADMA alone, influence of treating with ADMA, intervention of polydatin, influence of using ADMA and PD together on Emax and Kd that were contracted by PE.

第5组为未给药组。2、观察指标：A、各组髂外动脉EDD和NEDD、血脂、血清NO和NOS活性、血浆ET、ADMA、SDMA和L-精氨酸水平、胸主动脉AS斑块面积、腹主动脉和髂外动脉AS病变积分、腹主动脉壁NOS组织化学染色和eNOS mRNA和iNOS mRNA表达及离体腹主动脉与髂外动脉舒缩功能。B、各组兔肾DDAH活性。3、离体做正常主动脉条对单用ADMA的反应、PD和ADMA对PE收缩效应的影响及PD预处理对受ADMA作用的正常主动脉条PE收缩反应的影响(包括对Emax和Kd值的影响)。

Results: The tHey and blood fat level in blood plasma and expression of MCP-1mRNAof aorta on model group is obviously higher than that of control group (P＜0.05);the result of immunohistochemistry shows that the expression of VCAM-1 and MMP-2enhanced, Bcl-2 is lower; aorta slice shows endarterium discontinuation, strippingpartly, smooth muscle cell arrange puffly and chaotic, infiltration of lipoid ofdifferent degree are observed in aorta wall, pathological changes suffusion, morexanthoma cell, plaque protrude lumens. The they and blood fat level in blood plasmaand expression of MCP-lmRNA, VCAM-1, MMP-2 of aorta on intervention group aremuch lower than that of model group (P＜0.05); Bcl-2 of intervention group isstrengthened, and the pathomorphology and immunohistochemistry of aorta showpathological changes are slighter than model group.

结果：模型组，血浆中同型半胱氨酸浓度、血脂水平、主动脉MCP-1mRNA表达显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.05)，免疫组化示主动脉内皮细胞VCAM-1、MMP-2表达增强，Bcl-2表达降低；主动脉切片发现动脉内膜不连续，部分剥脱，平滑肌细胞排列疏松、紊乱，主动脉壁均见到程度不同的脂质浸润，其病变弥漫，泡沫细胞较多，可见斑块突出管腔；干预组，血浆中同型半胱氨酸含量、血脂水平显著低于对照组和模型组(P＜0.05)，主动脉MCP-1mRNA、VCAM-1、MMP-2表达显著弱于对照组和模型组(P＜0.05)，Bcl-2表达增强(P＜0.05)，主动脉病理形态学和免疫组织化学检测示病变轻于模型组。

Results:Expression of elastase mRNA has been found in the endothelial cells,the medial smooth muscle cells and the adventitial fibroblasts of the abdominal aorta,the lymphocytes,monocytes in blood,the tracheal hyaline cartilaginous cells,the glandular cells of the pancreas,the epithelial cells of the parotid gland and submaxillary gland,the hepatoeytes,the endothelial cells of the liver sinusoid wall,the goblet cells of the mucous membrane of the small intestine,the cardiac myocytes,the renal interstitial fibroblasts,the alveolar epithelial cells,the cerebral glial cells,the fibroblasts of the dermis oorium of the skin,the primary spermaocytes,the secondary spermaocytes and sperm in the seminfferous tubule of the testis,the lymphocytes in the spleen and thymus.

结果正常大鼠腹主动脉的内皮细胞、中膜平滑肌细胞以及血管外膜成纤维细胞，血液细胞中的淋巴细胞、单核细胞，气管透明软骨细胞，胰腺的腺细胞、腮腺、颔下腺上皮细胞，肝细胞、肝窦壁的内皮细胞，小肠黏膜杯状细胞，心肌细胞，肾间质的纤维母细胞，肺泡上皮细胞，大脑胶质细胞，皮肤真皮纤维母细胞，睾丸曲精细管内的初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞以及精子，脾脏以及胸腺的淋巴细胞等，均有弹力蛋白酶mRNA的表达。

Study of applied anatomy of the infrarenal abdominal aorta will supplement the domestic data of abdominal aortic anatomy.

根据影像学资料得到的数据分析得出：肾动脉下腹主动脉的前后径为15.53±2.39mm，左右径为15.03±2.09mm；左髂总动脉终端的直径为8.47±1.05mm，右髂总动脉终端的直径为8.59±1.17 mm。

Objective To investigate the applied anatomic data of the infrarenal abdominal aorta of adult corpse anatomy and imageology.To explore the length and diameter of the infrarenal abdominal aorta and the relation between the body height and the length of the infrarenal abdominal aorta, supplemen the domestic data of abdominal aortic anatomy and provide the evidence to direct the treatment of abdominal aortic disease.

目的通过收集成人尸体标本和螺旋增强CT影像学腹主动脉资料对肾动脉下腹主动脉至双侧股动脉进行应用解剖学研究，了解肾动脉下腹主动脉、双侧髂总动脉、股动脉的长度和直径的解剖学资料，以及肾动脉下腹主动脉至股动脉分叉部长度与身高的关系，为补充腹主动脉体质资料和指导腹主动脉疾病的治疗提供依据。

The aortic diameter change rates were (-0.2±1.4) mm/year and (-0.18±0.98) mm/year in aortic diameter0 mm group and≥40 mm group, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups. The ascending aortic diameter change rates were (0.8±1.6) mm/year in BAV group, and (-0.3±1.5) mm/year in TAV group. The ascending aortic diameter of patients in BAV group enlarged continuously following AVR.

在升主动脉直径0mm组和≥40mm组中，升主动脉直径的变化率分别为(-0.2±1.4)mm/年和(-0.18±0.98)mm/年，两组之间无显著性差异；二叶主动脉瓣组和三叶主动脉瓣组升主动脉直径的变化率分别为(0.8±1.6)mm/年和(-0.3±1.5)mm/年，二叶主动脉瓣组病人的升主动脉直径在主动脉瓣置换术后仍继续扩大。

These results indicate that apelin-13 relaxes the thoracic aorta in the two groups and the response of vasodilatation is enhanced in the rat thoracic aortas from the 2K1C hypertension group. It may be an important protecting factor and play an important role in the protection of blood vessel.

Apelin-13具有显著的舒张主动脉的作用，并且对高血压大鼠血管环的舒张作用更强，提示Apelin-13在血管的保护作用中扮演了重要角色。

The causes of acrtic valve diseases in the three groups were analyzed. Results: Rheumatism was the most common reason, accounting for 59.7%(43 cases) of simple aortic stenosis, while bicuspid valves accounted for 23.6%(17 cases). The most common cause for aortic insufficiency was root dilation (38 patients, 43.2%).

结果：风湿性、二叶式主动脉瓣、主动脉根部扩张以及退行性主动脉瓣病变是主要的病因类型，其中单纯主动脉瓣狭窄以风湿性（43例，占59.7%）及二叶瓣17例(23.6%)病因为主，单纯主动脉瓣关闭不全以根部扩张（38例，占43.2%）为主，主动脉瓣狭窄合并关闭不全则以风湿性（70例，占88.5%）为主。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。