主动脉前的

The preoperation diameter of ascending aorta was taken as baseline. Patients were divided according to its baseline aortic diameter into diameter0 mm group and diameter≥40 mm group, furthermore, the patients were also divided according to echocardiographic findings into bicuspid aortic valve group and tricuspid aortic valve group.

以术前升主动脉直径为基础值，按基础值的大小分为直径﹤40mm组和直径≥40mm组，并按主动脉瓣形态分为二叶主动脉瓣组和三叶主动脉瓣组。

Methods Fifteen dogs were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group A acted as the control group without CPB; group B and group C were subjected to cardiopulmonary bypass and crossclamping the aorta for 90 min. MP or saline was injected intravenously before surgery. Plasma levels of IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8 and IL-10 were measured at the following time points: before MP or saline were administered, aortic declamping, 30 min and 90 min, after aortic declamping. Immediately after the animals was killed, pulmonary arterial rings were obtained and mounted in organ chamber for assessment of endothelial function with endothelium-dependent or non-endothelium-dependent studies.

健康家犬15只，随机分为3组，A组：不进行CPB，作为非体外对照组；B组：麻醉后注射生理盐水10mL，常规全麻和CPB，主动脉阻断90min；C组：麻醉后静脉给予甲泼尼龙5mg/kg，其余处理同B组。B、C组分别在手术前及主动脉开放前、开放后30min和90min 4个时间点采动脉血，放免法测定血浆白介素－1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子－α、白介素－6(IL-6)、白介素－8(IL-8)和白介素－10(IL-10)水平；手术结束时，A、B、C 3组均取右肺动脉段，固定于张力传感器，测定血管环内皮依赖性和非内皮依赖性扩张能力的变化。

Among them, 20 patients were candidates of valve replacement and 18 PDA and pericarditis had their blood samples taken before operation,and 1,2,24 and 48 hours after closure of thorax for measurement of concentrations of CK、CK-MB and TnT,together with ECG recording. Results Of the 60 patients, concentrations of cTnT before operation were normal; 2 hours after aortic unclamping, the correlation coefficient between cTnT and aortic clamping was r = 0.873( P＜0.01), the regression analysis showed Y = 0. 019X-0. 026. Of the 20 patients, ECG showed the myocardium was ischemic; CK、CK-MB and cTnT all rose significantly, reaching the peak after closure of thorax. Of the 18 patients, the ECG and cTnT before operation and after closure of thorax were normal; except 2 patients with pericarditis.

结果 60例瓣膜手术患者术前cTnT均在正常值范围内，主动脉开放后2 h时，阻断时间和cTnT的相关系数为r=0.875(P＜0.01)，回归方程为Y=0.019X-0.026；其中20例瓣膜手术患者心脏经过阻断后，心电图有缺血性改变，周围血液中的CK、CK-MB和cTnT均有明显升高，分别在关胸后2 h达到高峰，数值分别为术前的12.6、9.2和257倍；18例行动脉导管结扎和心包剥脱术的患者术前和关胸后的心电图和血液中的cTnT均正常，CK和CK-MB除2例心包炎患者关胸后出现明显变化外，余均未见改变。

The automatic activity of aortic vestibule was studied in 82 guinea-pig heart preparations with intracellular microelectrode.

用细胞内微电极技术，对82只豚鼠主动脉前庭的自发电活动进行了观察和分析。

Of the top of the superior aortic recess extended to the level of the aortic arch from which the branchiocephalic trunk arises. At the level of the aortic arch, 100%of the lymph nodes of superior vena cava were located among the aortic arch, superior vena cava and trachea. At the level of azygos vein, 100%of the lymph nodes of azygos vein and the superior aortic recess were located among the superior vena cava, arch of azygos vein, trachea and concavity of aortic arch.

主动脉弓和奇静脉弓在同一横平面占20.00%±7.30%，40.00%±8.94%的奇静脉弓在主动脉弓凹面平面；②80.00%±7.30%的主动脉上隐窝上界位于主动脉弓右前端头臂干起始处；③在主动脉弓平面，腔静脉后淋巴结位于主动脉弓、上腔静脉和气管之间，出现率为100%；④在奇静脉弓平面，奇静脉弓淋巴结和主动脉上隐窝位于上腔静脉、奇静脉弓、气管和主动脉凹面所围成的气管前间隙内。

Posteriorly, the middle sacral artery arises from the terminal aorta just above its bifurcation into the common iliac arteries and extends caudally on the anterior surface of the fifth lumbar vertebra and sacrum.

主动脉最后的分支是从它末端分出来的骶正中动脉，分支点就在主动脉杈分支为髂总动脉的上面，骶正中动脉从第五腰椎和骶骨的前面向尾部延伸。

There were prerenal fascia posterolateral to the left mesocolon, preaortic fascia median to the left mesocolon, parietal layer of the pelvic fascia posterolateral to the mesorectum, which continued at different sites.

左半结肠系膜后外侧存在肾前筋膜；中线侧存在主动脉前筋膜；直肠系膜后外侧存在盆筋膜壁层。这三个部位的筋膜相互延续。

RESULTS Plasma levels of IL-8, IL-10, MMP-9 were higher at 1 h, 4 h and 6 h aortic dclamping off in continuous ventilation and the nonventilation group, and IL-8 level were significantly higher in nonventilation group compared with ventilation group, IL-10 levels were significantly higher in the ventilation group than nonventilation group after 1 h and 4 h, 6 h, TIMP-1 levels were significantly higher in the ventilation group than that in nonventilation group after 1 h and 4 h.

TIMP-1的血浆水平在术后持续升高，在术后1 h和4 h持续通气组较非通气组明显增高。血浆中TXB2水平在主动脉开放后1 h、4 h和6 h明显高于术前水平，持续通气组较非通气组水平明显降低。支气管肺泡灌洗液中IL-8、IL-10、MMP-9和TXB2 水平在主动脉开放后4 h较术前明显升高。

Activity may be limited in children who have moderate aortic stenosis prior to repair.

中等程度的主动脉狭窄的患儿在手术前可能要限制活动。

Congenital aortic stenosis occurs due to improper development of the aortic valve in the first 8 weeks of fetal growth.

主动脉狭窄的发生是由于在胎儿生长发育的前8周里主动脉瓣的不正常的发育。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。