主体

Either as an individual or a corporate body, heroism urges the subject to go against the grain of conservative establishment.

无论主体是个人还是企业，英雄主义燃起主体对抗保守权威的意志。

Aimed to two major problems: one is not decidable and the other is no clear semantics. We construct a framework with explicit representation and formal semantics of goalsgoal description logics, which integrates two types of goals: declarative goals and procedural goals into one concept based on description logics. In addition, the goal plan is defined and analyzed, and some reasoning problems, such as goal consistency and goal satisfiability, are discussed. Contrary to traditional ways of goal description, GDLs can bridge the gap between theory and practice in a natural way.

针对传统的目标描述中存在的不可判定性以及没有清晰的语义等问题，在描述逻辑(description logics，DLs)上，将宣称型和过程型2种类型的目标描述有机地整合在一起，从而构建了具有清晰语义与可判定性的形式化框架--目标描述逻辑(goal description logics， GDLs)，在此基础上，定义了该框架下有关规划规则；建立了可用于判定目标一致性、目标可满足性的方法，与传统的目标描述方法相比，目标描述逻辑为主体领域模型提供了一种更有力的形式化工具，同时为智能主体的模型和设计提供了很好的理论工具。

Thirdly, the thesis introduced the choices of the main body and the way of the IT outsourcing, so-called the choices of main body is about which kind of enterprise is more suitable for choosing IT outsourcing operation way, having describe the characteristics of these enterprises separately, and then introduce two ways of IT outsourcing --Alternative way and gullibility way, respectively discusses using this way in which kind of situation.

再次，介绍了企业信息化中信息技术外包的主体与方式的选择，所谓主体选择就是何种企业更适合选择信息技术外包的运作方式，分别描述了这些企业所具有的特点，其次介绍了信息技术外包的两种方式——选择性方式和整体性方式，还分别论述了何种情况下使用该种方式。

This study describes the multi-facet systematic evolution of the said rural community from 1907 to 2007: from the perspective of ethnic culture, it has changed from a single ethnic cultural community of Yoghur(Ethnic Yugur\'s self-name) ethnic group into a multi-ethnic cultural community with Yoghur ethnic group as the dominating majority and embracing the ethnic groups of Han, Tibetan, Tu, Mongolian and Kazak; from the perspective of language, it has changed from a community where Yoghur and Tibetan languages dominated with the local Chinese dialect and the written Chinese language as the subordinate into one where the local Chinese dialect and the written Chinese language dominate with the Yoghur language as the subordinate; in the perspective of marriage and heirship system, from a parallel operation of two systems (patrilineal heirship for official marriages and matrilineal heirship system for matrimonial forms through the head-wearing ceremony) to monogamy and patrilineal heirship; in the perspective of means of living, from animal husbandry complemented with hand knitting and camel caravan transporting to agricultural farming complemented with animal husbandry and many others; in the perspective of social organization, from a traditional tribe to a modern country society; in the perspective of political system and social management, from the customs-authority management which combined the dominating headman hereditary system under the tribal union of an imperial dynasty and the subordinating elite influence, to the resource-interest management of party-government departmental system under the ethnic minority autonomy of a nation state; in the perspective of religious faith, from a coexistence of the Gelug Tibetan Buddhism and Shamanism and the devout ancestor worship to the currently prevalent ancestor worship with religions declining and faith weakening; in the perspective of education, from the local-knowledge-oriented education to an official-knowledge-oriented education, in which modern schooling has become the major educational organization instead of the former traditional temple education; the school has replaced the temple as the "knowledge-culture" communication center; at least in the minds of the local people the central role of family education during the children\'s cultural development has also been replaced by schooling.

本研究描述了1907～2007年间，这个乡村社区的多面向的系统变迁：从族群文化的角度而言，从一个以尧乎尔为绝对主体的单一族群文化社区转变为一个以尧乎尔为主体的、有汉、藏、土、蒙古、哈萨克等组成的多元族群文化社区；从语言文字的角度而言，从一个以尧乎尔语和藏文为主，以汉语方言和汉文为辅的社区转变为一个以汉语方言和汉文为主，以尧乎尔语为辅的社区；从婚姻与继嗣制度的角度而言，从一个双系并行(明媒正娶婚行父系继嗣制度，帐房戴头婚行母系继嗣制度)的社区转变为行一夫一妻制和父系继嗣制度的社区；从生计方式的角度看，从一个以畜牧业生产为主，以手工编织和驼队运输为辅的社区转变为一个以农业为主，以牧业为辅的、多种生计方式并存的社区；从社会组织的形态而言，从一个传统部落社会转变为一个现代乡村社会；从政治制度和社会控制的角度而言，从帝制王朝的部落联盟制下头目世袭制为主，户族精英为辅的习俗—权威型控制方式转变为一个民族-国家中民族区域自治制度下以党政科层制的资源—利益型控制方式；从宗教信仰的角度而言，从一个格鲁派藏传佛教和萨满教并存，祖先崇拜之风甚烈的社区转变为寺庙衰落、信仰淡化、惟祖先崇拜仍广为流行的社区；从教育的角度而言，从一个以地方知识教育为主的社区转变为一个以官方知识教育为主的社区，现代学校教育取代了传统寺庙教育成为社区的主要教育组织形式，学校取代寺庙成为"知识—文化"传播的中心，在青少年儿童的文化成长过程中，家庭教养扮演的中心角色，至少在乡民的观念上被学校教育替代。

This article takes the Marxism Humanics and Western Stimulation theory as its foundation stone .It also takes the Marxism Humanics as its guide thought and philosophical foundation which constitute the Stimulation Management Mode . Through reflecting on the traditional Stimulation Mode and studying the logical foundation of stimulation of teachers in elementary and middle schools ,we deeply reflect on the Tradition Stimulation Mode and its thought and attribute the problem of stimulation strategy to the loss of the humanity and the pinch of the value pursuit .From the reality of Chinese culture and modern school culture .we use the essential thought in the Western Stimulation Theory for reference and set a definition on Stimulation from the philosophical view ,that is ,the subject takes the corresponding stimulation mode according to the understanding of the stimulated object needs ,acts on the motivation ,purpose and action of the stimulated and consequently satisfy the purpose of the subject .

本文以马克思人学理论和西方激励理论为理论基石，以马克思人学思想作为建构激励管理模式的指导思想和哲学基础，通过对传统激励模式的反思，通过对中小学教师激励的逻辑基础的研究和外在因素的研究，对传统教师激励模式及思想做深刻反思，将传统中小学教师激励策略问题归结为人文性的缺失和价值追求的匮乏，并从中国文化、现代学校文化实际出发，借鉴西方激励理论中的精华思想，从哲学的视角定义了激励的内涵是行为主体根据对激励对象需要的理解而采取的相应的刺激方式，作用于被激励对象的动机、目的、行为，从而满足行为主体的目的。

The writing hypostasis is life, is mentality physiology exhibition of main body.

写作的本质是生命化的，既是主体生命的心理表现，又是主体生命的生理表现。

Part 5 is the theoretical analysis of the present Chinese AWR management institution: high transaction cost results from Chinese AWCBFs single-investor and its public property rights, from indistinctness, hierarchy and trust-agent relationship existing in the AWR management organization, and from incomplete agricultural water rights transaction institution, administrative agricultural water price institution and nonstandard agricultural water fee management institution.

第五部分为中国现行农业水资源管理制度的理论透视：农业水利基础设施投资主体的单一性及产权安排的公有性，农业水资源管理组织性质上的模糊性、主体上的行政代理性和结构上的科层性，农业水权交易制度的不完善性、农业水价制度安排的行政性、农业水费管理制度的非规范性，农业水资源管理制度与其环境之间的冲突导致了制度运行中高的交易成本。

Administrative omission which exiting in the field of administrative legislation is illegal administrative actions led by subjects of administration who indolently invoking administration legislation power.

抽象行政不作为主要存在于行政立法领域，是行政主体因怠于行使行政立法权而导致的违法行政行为，其存在必然会使公共利益和个人利益受到损害，因此，有必要建立相应的监督和救济机制，以督促行政主体履行作为的义务，进而填补法律的空白，完善我国的法律体系。

The absence of Subjective right and status of peasants is interrelated with the short sight of policy makers with regard to the Subjective right of peasants, the unawareness and inexertion of executors to make it the guideline of institutional construction with regard to the protection of status of peasants.

农民主体性和主体地位的缺失，与农村法制建设缺乏农民主体性的视野，缺乏把保障农民主体地位作为制度建设方向的意识和努力有着直接的关系。

In view of current situations, inexplicit innovation subjects, weak creativity in scientific and technological fields, less -formed environment for innovation, we should stress enterprisers position as main power of industrial technological innovation, accelerate the economic growth from production - factor driven increase to innovation - stimulated one, and enlarge scientific and technological input in original and collective innovation.

鉴于目前我国创新主体尚未确立、科技领域创新能力不足、自主创新的环境氛围有待形成的实际，提高我国自主创新能力，应确立企业作为产业技术创新主体的地位，加速经济增长从要素驱动型向创新驱动型的转变；加大科技投入。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失