主义者

I assert that the level of embeddedness of economic behavior is lower in nonmarket societies than is claimed by substantivists and development theorists, and it has changed less with "modernization" than they believe; but I argue also that this level has always been and continues to be more substantial than is allowed for by formalists and economists.

我认为，如果使用嵌入性理论来审视社领会经济生活及其与之相关的社会结构的话，无论是在工业社会还是在前工业社会，嵌入性的现象始终存在，只不过在各个社会中嵌入的层次和程度是不同。在非市场社会中嵌入性的层次要比实质主义者和发展理论家所宣称的要低，而随著现代化发生的变迁要比他们所相信的要小；当我也主张，这一层次比起形式主义者和经济学家所考虑的，总是并将继续是更为实质性的。

Theactivities of SEA were quite successful,and finally pacified the debatebetween sustantivists and formalists starting from the 60s.The economicanthropology expanded its research scope to all aspects of the study ofhuman behavior and institutions,and thus embarking on a broad road.Formalists,substantivists,economic historians,ethnohistorians andeconomists,and all others interested in the study were welcome.

SEA的活动相当成功，也最终使60年代以来的&形式&与&实在&之争渐渐平息，美国经济人类学开始走上了向&广义&发展的道路：所有关于人类经济行为和制度的研究都被视为属于学科的研究范畴，不论是形式主义者、实在主义者、考古学者、民族志研究者还是经济学家、经济史学家、经济地理学家的有关研究成果都受到欢迎。

This, in effect, was the definition of the 'literary' advanced by the Russian formalists, who included in their ranks Viktor Shklovsky, Romanakobson, Osip Brik, Yury Tynyanov, Boris Eichenbaum and Boris Tomashevsky.

这实际上就是俄国形式主义者们所给出的文学的定义。俄国形式主义者们包括

Others, representing the safer, more conventional wisdom, will insist that all the constitutional compromise on slavery—the omission of abolitionist sentiments from the original draft of the Declaration, the Three-fifths Clause and the Fugitive Slave Clause and the Importation Clause, the self-imposed gag rule that the Twenty-fourth Congress would place on all debate regarding the issue of slavery, the very structure of federalism and the Senate—was a necessary, if unfortunate, requirement for the formation of the Union; that in their silence, the Founders only sought to postpone what they were certain would be slavery's ultimate demise; that this single lapse cannot detract from the genius of the Constitution, which permitted the space for abolitionists to rally and the debate to proceed, and provided the framework by which, after the Civil War had been fought, the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments could be passed, and the Union finally perfected.

其他人则表现出更保守、更传统的明智，坚持认为所有对奴隶制度在宪法上的妥协——在《独立宣言》，《五分之三条款》，《逃奴条款》和《进口条款》的原始草案中缺乏废奴主义者的意见和看法，第24届美国国会常常在所有关于奴隶制度问题的辩论中，自己强加给自己规定，要求限制这方面的言论自由。联邦制度和参议院的构成体系是一个必要的联邦组成机构；创建宪法者没有对此发表意见，他们认定奴隶制度终究会终结，而他们只是试图寻求推迟这个进程；这一个小小的失误并不能贬低《美国宪法》的本质，它也为废奴主义者提供了重整旗鼓的空间，使得争论得以继续下去，而且提供了立法框架，通过这个框架，在美国南北战争结束后，第十三、第十四、第十五宪法修正案得以通过，我们的联邦最终得到了完善。

Those who regard individuals as the real economic subjects are named methodological individualist, whereas those who perceive society and class above individuals as economic subjects and treat individuals as dependent on objective rules are called methodological holists.

其中主张从个人入手，把个人理解为真正的经济行为主体的学者被认为是方法论个人主义者；主张把超个人的社会或阶级理解为经济行为主体，强调个人对客观规律的从属性的学者被认为是方法论整体主义者。

Humanism emerged in this period, the humanists played the most important role in all aspects of social life.

在这一时期，人文主义者在社会生活的各个领域都发挥了作用，因此，在本文最后一部分，笔者分析了大学里人文主义者的情况。

Liberals and humanists are born to be my frinds .

自由主义者和人道主义者是我本然的朋友。

Idealists are just not, and I on the contrary, I was in practice, Several idealists courage?

理想主义者是只想不做，而我恰恰相反，我是在实践，有几个理想主义者敢于实践呢？

They are doing valuable work which idealists as well as realists want to see done.

他们正在做着理想主义者和现实主义者都想看到完成的有价值的工作。

Idealists are just not, and I on the contrary, I was in practice, a number of idealists courage?

理想主义者是只想不做，而我恰恰相反，我是在实践，有几个理想主义者敢于实践呢？

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。