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The study on the phylogenetic relations among these species is very useful for the study on genome and marker-assisted breeding in Brassica species. The karyotypic analysis is one of the most important methods in analysing the phylogenetic relation of species with closer relations. The protocol for inducing high frequency metaphase was established by pretreatment with low temperature and 8hydroxyquinoline, and then the preparation of chromosome and karyotypes analysis of six economical important Brassica species were carried out. According to the karyotypic analysis, it was shown that in the genomes of amphidiploid species, there are genomical components from didiploid species. Our result showed that B. campetris, B. juncea and B. napus belonged to class 2B, while B.

以二倍体B.nigra（B，n=8）基因组为探针，用B.campestris（A，n=10）或B.oleracea（C，n=9）的基因组进行封阻，分别与B.juncea（AB，n=18）和B.carinata（BC，n=17）进行GISH杂交发现，B.juncea和B.carinata基因组中仅有来自于B.nigra的8对染色体表现杂交信号，而其它染色体杂交信号较弱；以B.campestris或B.oleracea基因组为杂交探针与B.napus（AC，n=19）进行GISH杂交发现，所有19对染色体均出现杂交信号，根据杂交结果难以正确判断B.napus基因组中的哪些染色体是来自于A基因组，哪些是来自于C基因组；以rRNA基因（18S-5.8S-26S）为探针的FISH杂交结果表明，B.campestris基因组中rRNA基因位点为6对；B.oleracea为3对；B.nigra为2对；B.carinata为4对；B.juncea为6对；B.napus为6对。

Comparison results show that heat pipe work is not continuous but fluctuant in one work cycle about five months,its actual working time is two-thirds of one work cycle,the cooling effect of heat pipe subgrade in winter is obvious,which is good for the contained cool increase of soil body and improves subgrade heat stabilization,there is a decrease for its cooling strength with the increase of horizontal distance,its effective operating radius is 2.25 m,its maximum cooling strength is in evaporation segment in depth direction,which low the thaw sensitivity of permafrost in the seasonal thaw layer about permafrost table.

研究发现，热棒在约为5个月的工作周期内并非连续工作而呈波动式，实际工作时间为工作周期的2/3；热棒路基冬季降温效果明显，有利于路基土体冷储量增加，提高路基热稳定性；热棒在路基中的降温强度，水平方向随距离增大而衰减，有效作用半径为2.25 m，深度方向在热棒蒸发段最大，降低上限附近季节融化层冻土热融敏感性。

The temperature rising mechanisms of manganese carbonate fines containing coal by microwave heating were discussed. The results show that, manganese carbonate fines containing coal have good characteristics of microwave heating and self-reduction. At the molar ratios of C atom to O atom as 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 in the mixed materials, the averaged maximum temperature-rising rate of the mixed materials by microwave heating is 140.7 K/min at 1 473 K with the microwave frequency of 2.450 GHz. At the different containing coal ratios and heating temperatures, the value of the dielectric constant is big, 5.5, but that of the permeability is about 1, so the mixed materials belong to dielectric loss. The temperature rising performance depends chiefly upon the electromagnetic performance of materials, whose change is caused primarily by the chemical reaction, the changes of crystal structural , and the changes of defects state. The bigger the containing coal ratio, the better the absorptivity of microwave. At the same containing coal ratio, the higher the heating temperature, the weaker the absorptivity of microwave.

研究结果表明：含碳碳酸锰矿粉具有优良的微波加热特性和自还原性；在微波加热频率为2.450 GHz、碳氧原子摩尔比分别为1.1，1.2和1.3时，微波加热混合物料至1 473 K的升温速率平均最高达到140.7 K/min；不同的加热温度和配碳比下混合物料的介电常数较大，都在5.5左右，而磁导率为1左右，属介电损耗型；微波加热含碳碳酸锰矿粉的升温性能主要取决于含碳碳酸锰矿粉的电磁性能，而电磁性能的改变主要是由物料加热过程中产生的化学反应、晶体结构变化及缺陷状态的改变引起的；配碳比提高，物料吸收微波的能力有所提高；在相同的配碳比下，加热温度升高，吸收微波的能力有所减弱。

The man who claims to be a "post-partisan" centrist seems to be channelling the spirit of William Jennings Bryan, the original American populist, who thunderously demanded to know "Upon which side shall the Democratic Party fight—upon the side of 'the idle holders of idle capital' or upon the side of 'the struggling masses'?"

美国最初的民粹主义者布莱安强烈得呼吁：&民主党要为哪边而战&—是为&拥有闲置资本而无所事事的人&还是为&艰苦奋斗的大众&？奥巴马自称是&后党派&的中间派，似乎在利用布莱安的精神。

While apologising for his opulent office refit, he defended the bonuses as necessary to retain talent in this market?

赛恩在为其华丽的办公室重新装修而道歉的同时，他又为那些年终奖金而辩解，认为那些奖金是为留住人才

Whereas the sensitivities after 48 h were similar for all media tested (77% for MRSA_ID and ORSA; 73% for C_MRSA and ORSA after enrichment ), the specificities of MRSA_ID (98% after 24 h and 94% after 48 h) and C_MRSA (98% after 24 h and 90% after 48 h) were superior to the specificities of ORSAs (92% after 24 h and 83% after 48 h) and TSB-ORSA (86% after 24 h and 81% after 48 h).

结果所有的培养基在经过48h后得出的敏感性均接近（MRSA_ID 和 ORSA的敏感性为77%； C_MRSA和的敏感性为73%），而特异性则是以MRSA_ID (24 h为98%，48 h 为94%)和 C_MRSA (24 h为98%，48 h为90%)为优，优于ORSAs (24 h 为92%，48 h为83%)和 TSB-ORSA (24 h为86%，48 h为81%)。

The hollow Ni2 microspheres were prepared via the hydrothermal reaction of NiCl2 with aqueous ammonia at 140 ℃ for 12 h.

采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和透射电子显微镜对产物进行表征，并在室温下测试了它的磁学性能，结果表明， Ni2空心微球的直径约为3～4 μm，它是由尺寸1.1～1.3 μm左右的六方相结构的Ni2纳米片组装而成； NiO空心微球是由立方相纳米片和多孔纳米片组装而成，它具有弱的铁磁性，其矫顽力为583 Oe，剩余磁化强度为0.213 emu/g。

This is a story about the girl campus life, the protagonist is a perfectionist who pursues vegetarian classes is not God, chairman of the North Sea, she has been the influx of Tojo as unrequited love object, however, because other people are always involved in things can not be successfully confession; the other hand, is not the sea side to do things for themselves and do their utmost, while for others, the proposal put forward almost perfect for its resolve their problem.

这是一个讲述少女校园生活的故事，主角是一名奉行素食完美主义者的班级委员长北神未海，她一直把东条潮当作单恋对象，然而总是因为其他人事物的介入而无法顺利告白；另一方面，未海一边为自己该做的事情而竭尽全力，同时还能为别人提出近乎完美的提议、为其解决烦恼。

This is a story of his young career on campus, the protagonist is a successful vegetarian advocates pursuing the class chairman of the North Sea God did not she from time to time be counted as one-sided love object Tojo tide, but always involved in things because other people can not smooth confession on the other hand, not the sea side for their work and make every effort to do, but also for others can make almost a complete proposal for correction measures upset.

这是一个讲述少女校园生涯的故事，主角是一名奉行素食圆满主义者的班级委员长北神未海，她不时把东条潮算作单恋对象，然而老是因为其他人事物的介入而无法顺利告白另一方面，未海一边为自己该做的工作而竭尽全力，还还能为他人提出近乎圆满的提议、为其措置懊恼。

It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great rask remaining before us: that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion; that we here highly revolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom; and that government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

我们应献身于他们留给我们伟大而为完成的任务：这些令人尊敬的先辈鞠躬尽瘁为自己的事业竭尽忠诚，我们应该从他们之中吸取精神力量为我们的事业而奉献；我们下定决心他们的鲜血一定不会白流。要使这个国家在上帝的保佑下得到重生，要使民主、民治、民生永远不会从地球上消失。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。