临界的

The innovation of our rearch:(1) A new one-dimensional sandpile model is set up, in this model avalanche probability is introduced.(2) Emulational simulation is performed with cellular automata method, and numerical analyse is carried out according the simulation result.(3) With the simulation result, We not only explained the SOC phenomena appearing in real sandpile, but also revealed a new path to SOC.

本文的创新之处在于：建立了一个含崩塌概率的一维沙堆模型；用元胞自动机的方法对模型进行了仿真模拟，并对仿真结果进行了数值分析；我们的模拟结果不仅很好地解释了真实沙堆中出现的自组织临界现象，而且揭示了一条通往自组织临界性的新途径。

Using the opened thermosiphon of 38x3 as experimental element and water as working fluid,the characteristics of dynamic low load boiling,stable severe boiling heat transfer coefficient and critical heat flux are gotten for the opened thermosiphon at the pressure of 0.02-0.1MPa and 0.1-0.8MPa respectively,which makes up the drawback that the opened thermisiphon has not yet accurate boiling heat transfer relationship formulas.

本文以工程上常用的Φ38×3的开口封底为实验元件，以水为工质，对开启式热管内的动态低负荷沸腾、稳态旺盛沸腾及临界沸腾特性进行系统的可视化实验研究，实验压力为0.02～0.8MPa，实验得出了Φ38×3的开口封底管在工作压力为0.02～0.8MPa和0.1～0.8MPa下的管内沸腾传热系数及临界热负荷计算关联式，弥补了开口封底管——这一新型传热元件尚无准确的沸腾换热关联式的缺陷。

In contrast to the situation for a homogeneous isotropic neo-Hookean sphere, it is shown that not only there exists a secondary turning bifurcation point on the cavitated bifurcation solution which bifurcates locally to the left from trivial solution, and also the critical load is smaller than that for the material with no perturbations, as the parameters belong to some regions.

与均匀各向同性的neo-Hookean球体的情况相比，证明了当摄动参数属于某些区域时，从平凡解局部向左分岔的空穴分岔解上存在一个二次转向分岔点，空穴生成时的临界载荷会比无摄动的材料的临界载荷小。

In this paper, we firstly make some qualitative analysis to Lorenz critical chaotic system, and then lead it to the corresponding unstable equilibrium point and periodic orbits in terms of the linear state feedback approach. Then we make a lot of simulations which indicate this method to be feasible. Fractional-order system, as well as Lyapunov exponent, has been used as a powerful tool for the quantitative study of chaotic systems.

本文首先对Lorenz临界混沌系统进行基本定性分析，然后利用线性状态反馈方法将其制到相应的不稳定的平衡点与周期轨道上来，并证明了被控制的Lorenz临界系统是全局渐进稳定的，并对取得的结果作了大量的数值模拟，模拟结果证实该控制方法简单有效可行。

Totally 60 semi-circular bending specimens cored from superpave gyratory compactor with three groups of notch depths are tested at the temperature of-10 and 20℃ The experimental results reveal good repeatability in EAM characterization. The tensile strength ratio of SCB to the indirect tensile test is at a range of 1.4 to 1.7, and the ultimate strength of EAM is exponentially dependent on the notch depths. At the test temperatures, the critical J-integral value of EAM is much higher than that of hot mix asphalt with thermoplastic asphalt binder. The response mode of EAM changes from ductile mode to brittle mode and the fracture energy increases 30% when temperature decreases from 20 to-10℃, while its critical J-integral value decreases only 15%.

结果表明，环氧沥青混合料的半圆弯曲试验结果复现性好；由非切口试件的半圆弯曲试验与标准间接拉伸试验所测得的环氧沥青混合料的抗拉强度，其比值在1.4~1.7之间，且SCB抗拉强度与切缝深度指数相关；在20℃与－10℃试验条件下，环氧沥青混合料具有比热塑性HMA高得多的临界J-积只分值；当温度由20℃降至－10℃时，环氧沥青混合料的响应模式由延性变为脆性，断裂能增加30%，而临界J-积分值下降15%。

Study on the Percolation Conductive Behavior of the Conductive Composites Using classic statistic percolation theory, the conductivity behaviors of the PET/EG、PA6/EG and PA6/PET/EG composites were investigated, and the percolation thresholds and critical exponents were obtain. The nonuniversal critical exponent should be attributed to the anisotropy of conductivity, the tunneling conduction, the particular structure, the anomaly distributing of the particles and so on.

四、聚合物—石墨导电复合材料的逾渗导电行为运用统计逾渗理论探讨了PET／EG、PA6／EG及PA6／PET／EG导电复合材料的导电机理，得出了各体系的逾渗值和临界指数，并从导电性能的各向异性、逾渗值以上的隧道导电机理、独特的形态结构、导电粒子的不规则分布等方面分析了造成临界指数非普适行为的可能原因。

The hydrophobic monomers such as glycidyl octyl dimethylammonium chloride, glycidyl dodecyl dimethylammonium chloride, glycidyl tetradecyl dimethylammonium chloride was applied to the hydrophobic modification of two kinds of sodium cellulose sulfate in isopropyl alcohol under 65℃.The success of synthesis of a kind of novel amphoteric surfactant by FT-IR and NMR. 3. By the measuring surface tension of all kinds of amphoteric polymeric surfactants based on cellulose, the critic micelle concentration was obtained such as 0.4wt%、0.3wt%、0.25wt% and corresponding surface tension was about 30mN/m

通过动态接触角测量仪确定了各种纤维素表面活性剂的表面张力和临界胶束浓度，结果表明该类表面活性剂可与小分子表面活性剂的降低表面张力的能力相媲美，最低可达28.41 mN/m，随着疏水基中碳链的增长，降低表面张力的能力下降，而临界胶束浓度从0.4wt%相应降低0.25wt%；应用环境扫描电镜确定其不同浓度胶束形态，结果表明在较低浓度下形成棒状单分子胶束，随着浓度的升高，单分子胶束逐渐聚集成树枝状胶束，进一步提高浓度，则聚集成网状结构；此外，采用了高级流变仪对其溶液的流变性质进行了研究，结果表明其溶液属于剪切变稀流体，是高分子溶液特有的性质。

The first major achievement is obtained with the estabilishment of the state-space method used for 3-D flutter analysis of bridge structures, which works out a solution suitable to many complicated situations, such as ununiform distribution of wind speed field, complex types of the structural systems and different cross sections of decks.

所建立的桥梁颤振分析的状态空间法，不仅通用性强，可以考虑风速场是非均匀的，结构本身是非直线状的，结构单元是多样的等复杂情况，而且计算工作量少，并能提供在整个亚临界区直至临界区结构动力特性随风速而变化的信息。

The relationship of slope and upslope drainage area of the study area is S = 0.074 A-0.1895, and the gully initiation process is an interaction process of hydrological erosion, melt erosion and landslide erosion, the initiation threshold is increased by the biomass.

研究所得的切沟发育临界地形条件为S = 0.074 A-0.1895，研究区切沟发育的过程是受水力侵蚀、冻融侵蚀和重力侵蚀的交互影响的过程，而沟头植被覆盖的增大会导致切沟发育临界条件的增大。

Critical levels of external and internal cadinium exposure resulting in impaired uriniferous tubule funcfion of women and its relation to urine cadmium low molecular albuminuria and other biochemical indexes were proposed based of study on health effects of environmental cadmium pollution to residents living in Zhangshi irrigation area in several years.

本文根据张士灌区镉的环境污染对居民健康影响的多年研究，提出了镉的内、外暴露水平和对人群肾小管损伤的＂临界值＂以及镉与尿低分子蛋白等多项生化指标的健康效应关系，并通过超＂临界值＂频率和接触归因危险性评价提出了环境慢性镉危害早期判断标准的初步建议。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。