临界的

According to the experimental data, it is found that the circumferential diffierence of heat transfer characteristics occurres due to the effects of thermal acceleration and buoyance in the inclined smooth tube at supercritical pressure.

实验结果表明：在超临界压力区域，倾斜光管内可能由于受到热加速度和浮力的综合作用，倾斜光管传热特性沿周向是不均匀分布状态，通常管内顶部的壁面温度比底部高，在大比热区发生传热恶化和传热强化的现象，低质量流速和高热负荷条件下会发生传热恶化现象，高质量流速下会发生传热强化，避免壁温发生飞升；内螺纹管内的传热特性在不同焓值区域表现不同，在远离拟临界焓值的低焓值区域和高焓值区域，呈现出相似的规律，而在接近拟临界焓值区域时，传热得到强化。

The results show: the most sensitive Chinese area to acid deposition is Podzolic soil area, then follow Latosol, Dark brown forest soil and Black soil areas; Ferraisol and Yellow-brown earth area in southern China can buffer about 0.8-1. 6 g Sm〓yr〓 sulfur deposition; the least sensitive areas to acid deposition are mainly Xerosol area in northwest China, Alpine soil area in the Qingzang Plateau, and Dark loessial soil and Chernozem areas; the main reason for lower critical load in northeastern areas and higher critical load in Ferralsol and Yellow-brown earth areas in China can be attributed to the obvious difference in temperature, humidity and soil properties.

研究表明：我国土壤对酸沉降最敏感的区域是漂灰土带，其次是砖红壤土区、暗棕壤带和黑土区，南部富铝土区域大致可接受O.8-1.6 g Sm〓yr〓的硫沉降，对酸沉降最不敏感的区域主要集中在西北干旱土和青藏高原的高山土区域以及黑垆土和黑钙土带；导致我国东北地区酸沉降临界负荷偏低和富铝土区域酸沉降临界负荷偏高的重要原因，是这些地区的气温、湿度和土壤质地存在显著差异。

The finite difference method is adopted to calculate the temperature field on cross-section of the column, the critical temperature and the critical time, the thickness of fire resisting covering of CFST columns, All of the results were verified by experiments.

简要地介绍了钢管混凝土的耐火性能，分析了影响耐火度的因素以及用有限差分法计算火灾时的构件截面的温度场、构件的临界温度和临界时间、防火涂层厚度的结果。

In order to study the stability of non-Newtonian fluid and its flow pattern discrimination method,the integral stability theory and local stability theory are applied to the concentric annulus flowing of plastic fluid and power-law fluid,then a relevant stability parameter expression of discriminating flow pattern is derived and set up in the paper.

针对非牛顿流体的稳定性问题及其流态判别的研究，将整体稳定性理论及局部稳定性理论应用于塑性流体和幂律流体在同心环空的流动中，建立和推导出相对应的判别流动状态的稳定性参数表达式。这些参数的临界值与牛顿液体流态准数雷诺数的临界值，同样具有与液体流变性无关的特点。

The main results and novelties of the paper are as follows:Firstly, we study the existence of nontrivial solution for the following nonlinear equations with singular pontential By using variational methods and critical point theory, we construct linking type critical value of this kind of singular elliptic equations, with the properties of the eigenvalue, we estimate the critical value and prove the local condition holds to show the existence of the nontrivial solution.

论文的创新点及主要结果如下：首先研究有界区域上具有奇异位势的非线性方程的非平凡解的存在性，运用变分方法与临界点理论，构造这一类奇异椭圆方程的环绕型临界值，并由特征值的性质给出临界值的估计，同时证明局部条件成立，最终证明方程非平凡解的存在性。

Considering the average critical gap of pedestrians walking through the vehicle flow and analyzing on large scale of data, it can reach the practical conclusion that the acceptable gap follows the normal distribution function N（4.86,1.72）. In order to make further analysis of the pedestrian delay,capacity and the conflicts with the vehicles,the average critical gaps are evaluated by three different ways.

通过研究行人穿越机动车流的平均临界间隙，对所观测的行人穿越间隙数据进行归纳分析，得出可接受穿越间隙的正态分布函数N（4.86，1.72），并通过三种不同的方法逐一计算出平均临界间隙，可为今后的行人延误时间、通行能力以及与车辆之间的冲突分析研究提供解决方案。

Firstly, the mechanism of heat transfer enhancement by oscillation heat surface is discussed in natural convection scene. For different oscillation amplitude and Rayleigh number, the frequency that the heat transfer rate of oscillation heat surface is higher than non-oscillation condition is found and called critical oscillation frequency. The limitation enhancement of similar physical model is still researched by this study in mixed and forced convection scenes for different amplitude and Grashof number. Generally, that a heat surface subject to a oscillation motion is advantageous to convective heat transfer is a well-known tuition.

首先探讨在垂直管道内振动高温面於自然对流领域内提升高温面热传效率的机制，并且针对不同的振幅与雷利数求得加入振动条件后，高温面散热效果可以优於稳态非振动高温面散热效果的临界振动频率；进而探讨当垂直管道流进入混合对流与强制对流范围时，在不同的振幅与葛瑞秀夫数下，亦可发现加入振动条件后，振动高温面之散热效果可以优於稳态非振动高温面散热效果的临界振动频率。

Firstly, the mechanism of heat transfer enhancement by oscillation heat surface is discussed in natural convection scene. For different oscillation amplitude and Rayleigh number, the frequency that the heat transfer rate of oscillation heat surface is higher than non-oscillation condition is found and called critical oscillation frequency. The limitation enhancement of similar physical model is still researched by this study in mixed and forced convection scenes for different amplitude and Grashof number.

首先探讨在垂直管道内振动高温面於自然对流领域内提升高温面热传效率的机制，并且针对不同的振幅与雷利数求得加入振动条件后，高温面散热效果可以优於稳态非振动高温面散热效果的临界振动频率；进而探讨当垂直管道流进入混合对流与强制对流范围时，在不同的振幅与葛瑞秀夫数下，亦可发现加入振动条件后，振动高温面之散热效果可以优於稳态非振动高温面散热效果的临界振动频率。

The results showed that as low temperature became intensified and prolonged, the leaves of pepper seedling presented increased POD activity, decreaseds SOD and CAT activities, increased MDA content and increased plasm-membrane permeability; the critical temperature (15℃/8℃) showed stronger effects on pepper plants than the lower temperature (19℃/12℃); under the lower temperature, the weak light of 90μmolm^(-2)s(-1) could make the POD activity increase much more, but reduce the decrements of the SOD and CAT activities, and the increments of the MDA content and plasm-membrane permeability, and under the critical temperature (15℃/8℃), an opposite situation occurred.

结果表明：随着低温弱光胁迫程度和时间的增加，辣椒幼苗叶片中POD活性提高，但SOD和CAT活性下降，MDA含量增加，细胞膜透性增大；就温度而言，临界低温(15℃/8℃)比偏低温(19℃/12℃)对植株的影响更为显著；在偏低温(19℃/12℃)下，弱光90μmolm^(-2)s(-1)使POD活性上升更大，而SOD和CAT活性的下降、MDA含量的增加和细胞膜透性的增大更小，而在临界低温(15℃/8℃)下则相反；陇椒2号耐低温弱光能力强，各项指标均优于七寸红。

This article mainly discussed critical and magnetic properties in the system of mixed spin-1 and spin-1/2 BCM with bond dilution and random crystal field.

中文摘要：混合自旋BCM 的临界行为和磁学性质是本文重点讨论的内容，在本文中我们主要采用了键稀疏和随机晶场作用下混合自旋为1 和1/2 的BC模型，在有效场的框架内计算并讨论了三维简立方系统的临界行为和相关磁学性质。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。