临界状态

This paper presented a practical mathematical model of coordinated control object of supercritical pressure unit, adopting observer to estimate coal heat value, and design a synthetic coordinated control system with state feedback based on increment function observer-KDx, PID, intelligence control and British thermal unit.

该文给出超临界机组协调受控对象的一种实用数学模型，采用观测器预估燃煤的热值，设计一种基于增量式函数观测的状态反馈+串级PID+智能控制+热值补偿的综合型协调控制系统。

And the calculation method of theresistance modulus has been given by rule and line. The flow state in the pipeline of the densecolloid slurry is carried on numerical value simulation by the software CFD Fluent, which hasbeen grasped. And the critical flow velocity of the dense colloid slurry in the different ratio ofbetween water and earth is obtained by numerical calculations.

通过使用 CFD 软件 Fluent 对稠化胶体泥浆在管道内的流动状态进行了数值模拟，获得了稠化胶体泥浆在胶体流动性实验台管路中流动时的流型，并且通过计算得到了稠化胶体泥浆在不同水土比下的临界流速。

This is because the transformation is not continuous between splay alignment to bend alignment.

而此模式在技术上的主要问题就是液晶分子从splay排列到bend排列是不连续的，在这两个状态间存在一个临界电压，因此在这两个状态的切换间就必须克服一个很大的能障，所以就需要花上一段时间，而且在低电场时Bend的排列会比较不稳定，应用在显示器上是不方便的。

In this paper, we firstly make some qualitative analysis to Lorenz critical chaotic system, and then lead it to the corresponding unstable equilibrium point and periodic orbits in terms of the linear state feedback approach. Then we make a lot of simulations which indicate this method to be feasible. Fractional-order system, as well as Lyapunov exponent, has been used as a powerful tool for the quantitative study of chaotic systems.

本文首先对Lorenz临界混沌系统进行基本定性分析，然后利用线性状态反馈方法将其制到相应的不稳定的平衡点与周期轨道上来，并证明了被控制的Lorenz临界系统是全局渐进稳定的，并对取得的结果作了大量的数值模拟，模拟结果证实该控制方法简单有效可行。

The rheometry SR5 was performed in this study for trying to find the sol/gel transition and measuring the viscoelasticities at different concentrations and temperature respectively.

本研究利用SR5流变仪试著找出其溶胶/凝胶状态转换临界浓度，并分别於不同浓度及温度状态下做流变黏弹性质探讨。

The first major achievement is obtained with the estabilishment of the state-space method used for 3-D flutter analysis of bridge structures, which works out a solution suitable to many complicated situations, such as ununiform distribution of wind speed field, complex types of the structural systems and different cross sections of decks.

所建立的桥梁颤振分析的状态空间法，不仅通用性强，可以考虑风速场是非均匀的，结构本身是非直线状的，结构单元是多样的等复杂情况，而且计算工作量少，并能提供在整个亚临界区直至临界区结构动力特性随风速而变化的信息。

And the superhydrophobic phenomena could be explained by two typical thoeries: Wenzel model and Cassie model.

在表征表面超疏水性时，除常用的θ、α外，接触角滞后Δθ、斜面上液滴滞留在材料表面上的最大半径Rc、两种状态转化时的临界压力Δp以及液滴落下后能反弹的临界撞击速度Vc也是非常重要的参数。

Based on the critical approach, a model for multiaxial fatigue life prediction was established by combining maximum shear strain and normal strain on the critical plane, and the effect of stress state under the multiaxial cyclic loading condition on the fatigue life was taken into account.

通过对薄壁圆管和缺口试样的高温多轴疲劳寿命特性分析，基于临界面方法提出了一个的多轴疲劳寿命预测模型，在考虑临界面上最大剪应变和正应变对多轴疲劳损伤贡献的同时，还引入了应力状态对多轴疲劳寿命的影响因素。

By taking the effects of Ge fraction and strain on the energy band structure and effective masses into account, the analytical model of the effective densities of states of the conduction and valence bands are proposed, and the temperature and Ge fraction dependence of the effective densities of states are also studied. Following this, the temperature and Ge fraction dependence of intrinsic carrier concentration in strained SiGe layers are analytically calculated. Furthermore, carder freezeout effect and the minority carrier trapping effect of the shallow-level compensated imputities in strained SiGe layers at low temperatures are investigated.

其中，分析了应变SiGe层的临界厚度、能带结构、禁带宽度及禁带变窄模型；在考虑了Ge组份和应力对应变SiGe层能带结构的影响后，给出了较为精确的SiGe应变层的导带和价带有效状态密度的模型，并研究了有效状态密度与Ge组份及温度的变化关系；分析了应变SiGe层的本征载流子浓度及重掺杂下的禁带变窄；讨论了低温下应变SiGe层中的载流子冻析效应，并计算了SiGe应变层的电离杂质浓度与Ge组份及温度的关系；研究了应变SiGe层低温浅能级补偿杂质的陷阱效应；给出了应变SiGe层多数和少数载流子迁移率以及少数载流子寿命模型。

Low-temperature concrete ; once artificial freezing method ; wet face state ; dry face state ; critical condition of resistant freezing ; infant age

低温混凝土；一次冻结法；浸润状态；表干状态；抗冻临界条件；幼龄期

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。