临界温度

According to the experimental data, it is found that the circumferential diffierence of heat transfer characteristics occurres due to the effects of thermal acceleration and buoyance in the inclined smooth tube at supercritical pressure.

实验结果表明：在超临界压力区域，倾斜光管内可能由于受到热加速度和浮力的综合作用，倾斜光管传热特性沿周向是不均匀分布状态，通常管内顶部的壁面温度比底部高，在大比热区发生传热恶化和传热强化的现象，低质量流速和高热负荷条件下会发生传热恶化现象，高质量流速下会发生传热强化，避免壁温发生飞升；内螺纹管内的传热特性在不同焓值区域表现不同，在远离拟临界焓值的低焓值区域和高焓值区域，呈现出相似的规律，而在接近拟临界焓值区域时，传热得到强化。

The numerical results show that, surface temperature gradient in the pool heated from inner wall is 10% higher than that heated from outer wall with a fixed temperature difference between the outer and inner walls. Meanwhile, the critical Marangoni number for the incipience of hydrothermal wave (Ma_{c}=3.06\times 10^{5}) in the pool heated from inner wall is smaller than that (Ma_{c}=3.34\times 10^{5}) heated from outer wall.

发现在内外壁间温差相同的情况下，在内壁加热的液层里，流体表面的温度梯度高于外壁加热情况下10%左右；相应地，发生热流体波的临界Marangoni 数Ma_{c}=3.06\times 10^{5}(或临界温差\Delta T_{c}=4.58K)低于外壁加热情况下的Ma_{c}=3.34\times 10^{5}(或\Delta T_{c}=5.0K)。

The experimental results show that hydrophobic association increases obviously with increasing polymer concentration, hydrophobe content, hydrophobic side chain length and temperature. The Critical aggregate concentration of P(AM/NaAA/C_8AM) with different hydrophobic content is 1.5-3g/L. Strong ass...

结果表明，随聚合物浓度、疏水单体摩尔分数、疏水侧链长和温度的增加，疏水缔合作用增强；不同疏水单体含量的P(AM/NaAA/C8AM)的临界缔合浓度为1.5~3.0 g/L；表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠与P(AM/NaAA/C8AM)发生了强烈的疏水相互作用，形成混合胶束，得到SDS的临界胶束浓度为8×10-3 mol/L；由于聚合物链上羧基的存在，使其具有良好的 pH敏感性，随 pH值的增大，P(AM/NaAA/C8AM)的疏水缔合作用呈现先减弱后恒定再增强的变化。

The experimental results show that hydrophobic association increases obviously with increasing polymer concentration, hydrophobe content, hydrophobic side chain length and temperature. The Critical aggregate concentration of P (AM/NaAA/C8AM) with different hydrophobic content is 1.5~3g/L. Strong association between surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate and P (AM/NaAA/C8AM) occurs through the formation of mixed micelles. The CMC of SDS is 8×10^(-3)mol/L. Moreover, because of the presence of-COOH group, the terpolymers have pH-responsive characterization. The hydrophobical association changes greatly with increasing pH.

结果表明，随聚合物浓度、疏水单体摩尔分数、疏水侧链长和温度的增加，疏水缔合作用增强；不同疏水单体含量的P(AM/NaAA/C8AM)的临界缔合浓度为1.5~3.0g/L；表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠与P(AM/NaAA/C8AM)发生了强烈的疏水相互作用，形成混合胶束，得到SDS的临界胶束浓度为8×l0^(-3)mol/L；由于聚合物链上羟基的存在，使其具有良好的pH敏感性，随pH值的增大，P(AM/NaAA/C8AM)的疏水缔合作用呈现先减弱后恒定再增强的变化。

Totally 60 semi-circular bending specimens cored from superpave gyratory compactor with three groups of notch depths are tested at the temperature of-10 and 20℃ The experimental results reveal good repeatability in EAM characterization. The tensile strength ratio of SCB to the indirect tensile test is at a range of 1.4 to 1.7, and the ultimate strength of EAM is exponentially dependent on the notch depths. At the test temperatures, the critical J-integral value of EAM is much higher than that of hot mix asphalt with thermoplastic asphalt binder. The response mode of EAM changes from ductile mode to brittle mode and the fracture energy increases 30% when temperature decreases from 20 to-10℃, while its critical J-integral value decreases only 15%.

结果表明，环氧沥青混合料的半圆弯曲试验结果复现性好；由非切口试件的半圆弯曲试验与标准间接拉伸试验所测得的环氧沥青混合料的抗拉强度，其比值在1.4~1.7之间，且SCB抗拉强度与切缝深度指数相关；在20℃与－10℃试验条件下，环氧沥青混合料具有比热塑性HMA高得多的临界J-积只分值；当温度由20℃降至－10℃时，环氧沥青混合料的响应模式由延性变为脆性，断裂能增加30%，而临界J-积分值下降15%。

Evolution pattern of solidification microstructure in the monophase Cu Ni alloy in the range of thermo dynamically supercooling of 63～292 K is investigated, and both the condition of supercooling degree and orientation mechanism and control method of directional crystalline growth in the melt under negative temperature gradient are analyzed.

研究了 6 3～ 2 92K热力学过冷度范围内，Cu Ni单相合金的凝固组织演化规律，分析了负温度梯度熔体中晶体定向生长的过冷度条件以及晶体生长取向机制与控制方法。结果表明：(1)在临界过冷度ΔT (≈ 10 6K)附近，晶粒细化过程受溶质扩散控制，在临界过冷度ΔT (≈ 2 0 0K)附近，晶粒细化过程受热扩散控制；(2 )在 6 3～ΔT K范围内，晶体的生长方向是 [10 0 ]，在 12 7～ΔT K范围内，晶体的生长方向可以是 [10 0 ]，也可以是

The results are used to the values obtained are in good agreement with the experimental results, similarly calculation of noncritical phase matching temperature for SHG gives a result which also agrees with the experimental result fairly well.

用此结果计算室温的二次谐波I类临界相位匹配角与实验值符合得很好，又计算二次谐波的非临界相位匹配温度，其结果也与实验值较符合。标签镁铌酸锂晶体折射率测量 MgO LiNbO3 crystal refractive measurements

Research shows that temperature, slenderness ratio, section forms of rods, and covering layer thickness to members under fire conditions have a sizable effect on critical load and length of rods, but the effect of rod dead load may be overlooked.

研究表明，温度、长细比、杆件截面形式、保护层厚度对杆件稳定临界荷载和临界长度影响较大，构件自重的影响可忽略，在此基础上给出了不同约束条件下杆件的计算参数。

The results show that the as-synthesized chalcone-containing copolymers are a kind of thermosensitive polymer with a lower critic solution temperature and the LCST of the copolymer decreases with the increase of the chalcone content in the copolymer. With the increase of the solvent polarity, both the maximum absorption wavelength and the fluorescence emitting wavelength of the chalcone-containing copolymers redshifts, and the intensity of fluorescence first increases, then decreases, which exhibits solvent polarity sensitive fluorescence properties.

结果表明，侧链查尔酮共聚物是一类具有低临界溶解温度的温敏性聚合物，其LCST温度随着共聚物中查尔酮含量的增加而降低；随着溶剂极性的增加，侧链查尔酮共聚物的紫外-可见最大吸收波长红移，其荧光发光波长红移并且发光强度先增强后降低，具有溶剂极性敏感的荧光特性；同时对比侧链查尔酮共聚物水溶液低温和高温下的荧光，发现低温下几乎无荧光，高温下其荧光得到明显增强，其荧光具有可逆的温度&开/关&特性。

Once the temperature of the environment exceeds the critical explosion temperature, the delayed-action time will shorten along with the temperature of the environment ascending;(2) The thermal decomposition reactivity activation energy and correlative parameters of the emulsion explosive matrix and corresponding mixture of emulison explosive with combustible oil solvent were obtained by iron-plate experiment, thereinto, the activation energy of the emulsion explosive matrix is 163.3kJ/mol.

一旦环境温度超过临界爆炸温度，随环境温度的升高，爆炸延滞期将变短；(2)通过铁板实验获得了乳化炸药基质及其与有机溶剂混合物的活化能和相关参数，其中乳化炸药基质的活化能为163.3kJ/mol。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。