临界

The experimental investigation demonstratesthat (1) the critical perforation energy of pressure pipelines (D/H=15) with pressure OMPa under lateral impact of flat-nose and spherical-nose indenters ranges from 2~3%,the critical perforation energy of empty pipelines is higher 1 ~2% than pipelines filled in water without pressure.

实验研究结果表明：(1)当管梁内注满水，预加工作内压P=0MPa时，对于径厚比D／H=15的厚壁圆管，在平头弹体和球形弹体两种弹体冲击作用下临界穿透破坏能量的降幅在2～3％之间：锥头弹体冲击厚壁空管的临界穿透能量比充水预加内压为P=0MPa的圆管高1～2％：(2)充水管道的预加内压提高，临界穿透能量有一定降低。

In addition, the leakage coefficient decreases with the decrease of gap width at the same rotational speed.

研究结果表明：用相对流量系数（转动时的流量系数与静止时的流量系数的比值）与速比（周向速度与轴向通流速度的比值）的函数关系表征泄漏量随转速变化的规律时，存在一个临界速比约等于1.0；低于这个临界速比时，转速对泄漏量的影响不明显；高于这个临界速比时，泄漏量随转速的增大而减小，在很高的转速下（6000r/min以上），泄漏量至少减小了5.1%；相同间隙下，泄漏系数随着压比的提高而近似线性增加；相同转速下，随着密封间隙的减小，相对泄漏量逐渐降低。

The results indicate that,the CPR of venturis with reasonable design and suitable technics is obviously higher than critical pressure ratio.

实验结果表明：设计合理、工艺合适的Laval喷管，临界背压比明显高于临界压力比，而且，比热容比越小，表面粗糙度等级越高，喉道直径越大，对应的临界背压比越大。

An experimental system for Venturi's critical background-pressure ratio was set up,and a series of experiments was conducted with different mediums and Venturis. The function of the first Venturi in the experimental system and the effect of temperature on CPR were discussed.

建立了一套文氏咀临界背压比的测量系统，分别以氮气、氩气和氧气为工作介质，对两种加工工艺、不同规格文氏咀的临界背压比进行了测量，得到了各文氏咀对应不同工作介质的临界背压比，讨论了实验系统中第一个文氏咀的作用和温度对测量结果的影响。

In order to study the characteristics of steam turbine varying conditions, it is important to study when the flow state change from the critical state to subcritical.

研究机组何时由临界工况变为亚临界工况，寻求临界压力的变化规律是研究汽轮机变工况特性的重要问题之一。

And therefore it has the potential applications in green chemistry and chemical process,organic reactions areas.The literature review section of the thesis gave a brief introduction of the important applications in the green chemical process as well as the status of organic reactions research in NCW,and also summarized the applications in different kind of reactions such as hydrolysis,dehydration/hydration,alkylation,acylation, Diels-Alder reactions,rearrangements,condensations,hydrogen isotope exchange reaction,oxidation-reduction reaction,organometallic reactions.

论文的综述部分简要介绍了近临界水在绿色化工过程中的重要应用价值和国内外在近临界水中进行有机化学反应的研究现状，以及以近临界水作为反应溶剂或催化剂在水解反应、脱水/水合反应、烷基化、酰基化、Diels-Alder反应、重排反应、缩合、氢同位素交换反应、氧化还原反应、有机金属反应等反应类型中的应用。

Firstly, based on the analysis of viscosity data, combined with other methods, a new method is proposed to calculate the viscosity of saturated vapor of halides. The calculation can be done on condition that the critical temperature, critical pressure, critical specific volume, molecular weight and the eccentric factor are known.

在理论研究上，一方面对于卤代烃的饱和蒸气粘度进行了研究分析，并结合其他理论推算方法的优点，提出了一种推算卤代烃的饱和蒸气粘度的新方法，该方法在已知临界温度、临界压力、临界比容、分子质量、偏心因子的情况下，便可以计算在有效对比温度范围内的饱和蒸气的粘度，本方法的适用范围是对比温度T〓在0.5-0.95之间，其对饱和蒸气粘度推算的平均偏差不超过5％。

The effects of initial electron density Ni and laser pulse width τ on damage threshold fluence Fth were analyzed respectively.

研究结果表明，对应于一定的脉宽，存在一个临界初始电子密度，当Ni低于这一临界密度时，Fth不受Ni影响；当Ni高于临界密度时，Fth随Ni增加而降低。

The effects of initial electron density Ni and laser pulse width τ on damage threshold fluence Fth were analyzed respectively. Both the nature of multi-photon ionization and the role of avalanche ionization were also discussed.

研究结果表明，对应于一定的脉宽，存在一个临界初始电子密度，当Ni低于这一临界密度时，Fth不受Ni影响；当Ni高于临界密度时，Fth随Ni增加而降低。

On condition that the critical temperature and critical density or critical specific volume are known, the density of saturated liquid can be calculated with high accuracy.

利用该方法在已知临界温度和临界比容或临界密度的条件下，可以对所有乙烷系氟里昂的饱和液体密度进行推算，该方法推算的平均偏差不超过1%，最大偏差不超过1.5%，可满足CFCs替代物研究和应用的需要。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了