临界

The sample is subjected to primary dispersion by a primary dispersion flow that reaches a critical pressure and a subsonic speed, and the sample is then subjected to a secondary dispersion by a secondary dispersion flow that is different in direction from the primary dispersion flow and that reaches a critical pressure and a subsonic speed.

该试样受到达到临界压力和亚音速的初次分散流的初次分散，然后试样接受与初次分散流方向不同且达到临界压力和亚音速的二次分散流的二次分散。

The innovation of our rearch:(1) A new one-dimensional sandpile model is set up, in this model avalanche probability is introduced.(2) Emulational simulation is performed with cellular automata method, and numerical analyse is carried out according the simulation result.(3) With the simulation result, We not only explained the SOC phenomena appearing in real sandpile, but also revealed a new path to SOC.

本文的创新之处在于：建立了一个含崩塌概率的一维沙堆模型；用元胞自动机的方法对模型进行了仿真模拟，并对仿真结果进行了数值分析；我们的模拟结果不仅很好地解释了真实沙堆中出现的自组织临界现象，而且揭示了一条通往自组织临界性的新途径。

A classical one dimensional sandpile model was researched in this paper, the model can not explain the self-organized criticality phenomena which appearing in one dimensional rice pile, so we did some mend on this model and make it including avalanche probability, with the new model we explained the SOC phenomena appearing in one dimensional grain pile.

本文考查了一个经典的一维BTW沙堆模型，发现它不能描述实验中已观察到的一维米粒堆的自组织临界现象，因此本文对经典一维BTW模型进行了改进，建立了一个含崩塌概率的一维沙堆模型，并用该模型解释一维米粒堆中出现的自组织临界现象。

Based on the above research, analyzes the applicability of AVO in hydrate research:When the hydrate saturation is less than the critical saturation, the AVO curve can indicatewhether there exists any gas below the BSR, and it doesn't work when the hydrate saturationis more than the critical saturation.

在上述工作基础上，讨论用AVO研究水合物的适用范围：介质中水合物饱和度小于临界饱和度时，可以通过AVO曲线变化形态来判断水合物沉积层下伏介质是否含有游离气；而大于临界饱和度时，则难以判断。

The physical relationship between critical load Lc measured by scratch test,shear strength and adhesion energy exists.

文摘：本文总结了划痕试验法的物理模型及研究现状，临界载荷与涂层和基体之间的界面剪切强度和附着功有物理关系，临界载荷能够表征涂层与基体的结合力。

Physical model and research development of scratch test are reviewed in this paper.The physical relationship between critical load Lc measured by scratch test,shear strength and adhesion energy exists.The critical load Lc can be used to characte

文摘：本文总结了划痕试验法的物理模型及研究现状，临界载荷与涂层和基体之间的界面剪切强度和附着功有物理关系，临界载荷能够表征涂层与基体的结合力。

The thermodynamical properties of the two dimensional square lattice and the three dimensional simple cubic lattice transverse Ising model with spin - 1/2 are investigated within the framework of the finite cluster appraximation.

本文在有限集团近似的框架内研究了自旋为1/2的二维平方晶格和三维简立方晶格横场伊辛模型的热力学性质，得到了相应的相图，临界温度和临界横场。

Chapter four studies the chaotic responses in a system consisting of simple pendulum and harmonic oscillator under bounded noise excitation. Firstly, the Melnikov function of the two-degree-of-freedom system under Hamiltonian perturbation is derived. The essential condition of the autonomous system for the probable onset of chaos is obtained, the Poincare maps of the system under small Hamiltonian perturbation and the effect of increasing perturbation on the Poincare maps are studies. Then for the non-autonomous system under damping and harmonic or bounded noise excitation, the largest Lyapunov exponent and Poincare maps are calculated. From the analysis of the largest Lyapunov exponent, the critical criterion for the onset of chaos, and the conclusion that the threshold of bounded noise amplitude for the onset of chaos in the system increases as the intensity parameter of Wiener process increases are obtained. The result from the analysis of Poincare maps is in agreement with that obtained from the Largest Lyapunov exponent. The effect of varying damping coefficient and intensity parameter of Wiener process is also analyzed.

第四章研究了有界噪声激励下的两自由度单摆—谐振子系统的混沌运动，首先推导了该两自由度系统仅在Hamilton扰动下的Melnikov函数，得到该自治系统可能产生混沌的必要条件；研究了该系统在小的Hamilton扰动和增大摄动情形下的Poincare截面；然后对有阻尼、谐和或有界噪声激励下的非自治系统数值计算了其最大Lyapunov指数和Poincare截面；从Lyapunov指数分析得到了这个两自由度系统产生混沌运动的临界条件及产生混沌的临界激励幅值随Wiener过程强度参数值的增大而增大的结论，Poincare截面分析的结果亦符合Lyapunov指数分析的结论；研究了Wiener过程强度参数、阻尼系数变化对Poincare截面的影响。

It consider the effect of the slenderness ratio to the critical loads.

讨论了细长比对梁的临界载荷的影响，给出了不同端部条件下，线性弹性Timoshenko梁的无量纲临界载荷。

According to this algorithm, it is shown that the bifurcated periodic solutions through Hopf bifurcations at the first critical value of delay are orbitally asymptotically stable on the center manifold and the bifurcated periodic solutions through Hopf bifurcations at other critical values of delay are unstable.

根据这一算法，发现在时滞的第一个临界值处通过Hopf分支产生的周期解在中心流形上是轨道渐近稳定的，而在其它临界值处通过Hopf分支产生的周期解在中心流形上是不稳定的。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。