临界

In 1984, Sun Jingxian put forward the conception of invariant set of descending folw in his doctor degree thesis, which gave an another methods to determine a critical value.

这些定理给出了确定临界值的一个基本手段。1984年，孙经先在他的博士论文中提出了下降流不变集的概念，给出了确定临界值的另一手段。

Isobutane has a specific gravity of 0.56, a boiling point of 11°F at 14.7 psi, a vapor pressure of 72 psia at 100°F, a critical temperature of 275°F, and a critical pressure of 529 psia.

异丁烷的相对密度为0.56，在14.7磅/平方英寸压力下的沸点为11°F，在100°F温度下的蒸气压力72磅/平方英寸，临界温度为275°F，临界压力为529磅/平方英寸。

Isotropy s-wave model is adopted and the critical superconducting temperature is determined by chemical potential and Thouless condition.

从我们的计算结果可以看出，电子比热系数在临界温度以上区域已随温度的减小而减小，这表明在临界温度以上的温区有赝隙存在。

Fundamental Scheduling Procedures 10.6 Critical Path Scheduling for Activity-on-Node and with Leads, Lags, and Windows Performing the critical path scheduling algorithm for activity-on-node representations is only a small variation from the activity-on-branch algorithm presented above.

根本安排做法 10.6临界途径法活动在结的和与主角、滞后和Windows Performing活动在结表示法的临界途径法算法是从被提出的活动在分支算法的仅小变异以上。

Based on fouling monitoring of boiler,this papers studied on method based on minimal cleanliness factor to determine sootblowing opportunity, method based on best frequency to calculate critical cleanliness,method base on the principle of maximal heat income caused by sootblowing to determine sootblowing period, method based on the principle of safety first to determine sootblowing schedule. All the above methods together can determine the correct schedule to sootblowing system.

基于锅炉各受热面的实时监测模型，本文在保证设备安全运行的前提下，从经济性出发，提出了基于临界清洁因子确定最佳吹灰时机和根据吹灰收益最大原则确定最佳吹灰周期，并给出基于吹灰最佳频率确定临界清洁因子的方法，给出制定合理的吹灰方案的步骤。

The effects of different lead concentration in meadow brown earth, red earth and gray limestone soil on wetland rice growth and its uptake of lead were investigated. The results showed that all treatments did not significantly change the biomass of wet...

水稻吸收的Pb与土壤中的添加Pb、总量Pb和DTPA可提取Pb含量之间均有着极显著的相关性，并由此计算了Pb的表观临界含量，其中湖北土对Pb的污染十分敏感(表观临界含量为79mgPb·kg-1)。

Under constant temperature 20℃, the critical photoperiod of Papilio memnon was ED 13h 11mm:10h 49mm, under constant temperature 25℃, the critical photoperiod was ED 12h 49 mm:11h 11min.

在20℃恒温条件下，美凤蝶的临界光周期为LD 13h 11min：10h 49min；而在25℃恒温条件下，美凤蝶的临界光周期为LD 12h 49min：11h 11min。

This project studies the scale-dependent deformation behavior of the metal matrix composite, the void nucleation and void growth mechanisms at the micron/submicron scale. The main results are:(1) In prophase, growth and coalescence of the void embedded in the graded matrix are analyzed in detailed;(2) Based on the infinite solid model containing a micro-void, coupling effects of the void shape and the void size on the void growth are studied carefully, the results show that it seems to exist a critical equivalent void radius, which is associated with the material length. When radius of a microvoid is close to or smaller than the critical void radius, the micro-void growth rate is essentially eliminated;(3) The coupling effects of the particle shape and size on the mesoscopic stress fields within the particle and matrix are also investigated by introducing the conception of inclusion/matrix interfacial energy. The results show that the stress concentration factors within the particle and on the matrix/particle interface are also strongly size-dependent,so the void nucleation mechanism is size-dependent.(4) By employing a specific orthogonal curve coordinate frame and a 'kernel function' conception, a 'unified method'solving the spheriodal and spherical void problems is suggested; by this unified method, size-dependent plastic potentials of the porous materials containing the spheriodal or spherical voids are obtained, which extend the traditional Gurson model for the spherical void and GLD model for the spheriodal voids to the micron scale.(5) Based on the RVE model containing the spheriodal or spherical particles, the influences of the particle shape and size on the size-dependent mechanical behavior of metal matrix composite are studied.

中文摘要：本项目对金属基复合材料在微细观尺度下的尺度相关变形行为、孔洞形核及长大的机理和模型进行了研究，取得了如下主要结果：1）在前期研究中，探讨了基体的梯度分布对孔洞长大和聚合的影响；2）基于含孔洞的无限大体模型，探讨了孔洞形状和孔洞尺寸对其长大的耦合作用，结果表明：可能存在一个与材料特征长度相关的临界孔洞尺寸，当椭球孔洞的等效半径小于临界孔洞半径时，孔洞的长大受到明显抑制；3）通过引入基体/夹杂界面能的概念，分析了夹杂尺寸、夹杂形状对材料细观应力场的耦合影响，结果表明：颗粒内部和界面上的应力集中因子强烈地依赖于夹杂的尺寸和形状，因此，孔洞的形核机理是尺寸相关的；4）采用一种特殊的正交曲线坐标系和引入"核函数"的概念，"统一"地得到了含椭球和球形孔洞的材料的尺寸相关塑性势，它将传统的Gurson球形孔洞模型和GLD椭球孔洞模型推广到微尺度范围；5）基于含椭球和球形夹杂的体胞模型，初步研究了夹杂形状、夹杂尺寸对金属基复合材料尺寸相关力学行为的影响。

The procedure is based on the concept that the critical load of a frame without sidesway is the same as the smallest value among these critical loads of the compression members of the frame with partially restrained ends, and the critical load of every compression member may be determined by the method of successive approximation.

将组成刚架的各桿件视为两端受不同约束的桿件，用静力学的方法求出此等桿件相应的临界荷重，其中最小值即为刚架的临界荷重，举有实例以示演算程序。

This article studies the conception of safe oxygen content by theoretical and experimental researches, and discusses the simple method to decide minimum oxygen density and critical value of oxygen density by chemical calculation and graphing method, and elementarily analyses the connection between minimum oxygen density and critical value of oxygen density.

理论上分别通过化学计算法和作图法探讨了最小氧浓度和临界氧浓度的简单确定，并初步分析了最小氧浓度与临界氧浓度的关系。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。