中骨

Isolation and culture of osteoclasts: Osteoclasts were isolated and cultured from long bone cavities of human aborticide fetus.

一、破骨细胞的分离、培养：采用机械法，从引产胎儿的长骨骨腔中分离出破骨细胞，进行培养。

Measures for preventing remarkable harm were made through the analysis of latent risk in the above process as well as the determination of crucial control point, in order that the beef bones processing and the final product, beef bones extract meet, with food safety requirements.

本研究采用HACCP管理体系对牛骨精生产过程中的原料、环境、加工工艺进行一系列的评估；通过分析上述过程的潜在风险、确定关键控制点以及制定预防显著危害的措施，使牛骨加工过程和终产品牛骨精达到食品安全的要求。

Citric acid with calcium in the bone reaction, and softening of bone, bone oil熬出fat to bone.

柠檬酸还与鸡骨中的钙质发生反应，且软化骨质，熬出骨油骨脂来。

The inhabiting effect was dose dependent.［Conclusion］Alendronate has the inhabiting effects of oil bone resorption and the differentiation of bone marrow cells into osteoclast-like cells in vitro.

结论］阿伦膦酸钠可抑制骨髓细胞体外培养中破骨样细胞的形成，体外可抑制破骨细胞骨吸收作用。

Results: 1 Intense ERα immunoreactivity localized in the hypertrophic and maturative layer, and some immunoreactivity was found in osteoblasts of mandible and temporal bone, while no immunoreactivity was found in the disc and synovium. 2 The expression of ERα in male rats TMJ cartilage was higher than that in female ones. 3 In the condyle cartilage of male rats, the density of ERα positive cells decreased with age, which kept stable after 16 weeks of age. 4 In the condyle cartilage of male rats, the density of ERα positive cells was stable from birth to 8 weeks, but decreased from 16 weeks to 12 months, while the density in 18-month group recovered to the level of 8 weeks. Conclusion: TMJ is one of target organs of estrogen, and ERα plays an important role in the effect of estrogen on TMJ.

结果：1TMJ中ERα主要在髁突软骨的肥大层和过渡层表达，下颌骨和颞骨的骨细胞也有少量表达，而关节盘、滑膜中几乎无表达；2雄性SD大鼠髁突软骨中ERα的表达明显强于同龄的雌性大鼠；3在雄性大鼠TMJ髁突软骨中阳性细胞密度随年龄增长逐渐降低，16周以后逐渐维持在相对稳定的水平；4雌性大鼠从出生后到8周龄阳性细胞密度基本稳定，在16周龄至12月龄年龄组阳性细胞密度显著降低，而在18月龄后又恢复到8周龄以前的水平。

The periosteum of the femoral Metaphysis in aged rat, the RANK mRNA expressed was less than those in the bone of 12-week-old rat, in the trabecular bones, the expressing of RANK was stronger in the ovariectomized rats than in the sham-groups.

在老年雌性大鼠的股骨干骺端皮质骨外膜中RANK的表达较12周鼠龄的股骨干骺端中RANK的表达减弱，骨内膜中RANK的表达在不同的鼠龄中变化不明显。

The culture was treated with lutein of different concentrations 10^(-8mol/L、10^(-7)mol/L、10^(-6)mol/L, respectively. The culture cells were fixed and were stained for tartate-resistant acidic phosphatase after 7d. The formation of osteoclasts was quantified by counting the number of TRAP(superscript +) multinuclear cells. The percentage of bone resorbed surface, TRAP activity and the expression of receptor activator of NF-KB mRNA were analysed. The appearance of reduced mice osteoclasts was typical.

受试细胞分为对照组、叶黄素低剂量组10^(-8mol/L、叶黄素中剂量组10^(-7mol/L和叶黄素高剂量组10^(-6mol/L，并设立空白对照组。7 d后取细胞玻片进行抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶染色，观察破骨细胞并计数；取骨片进行甲苯胺蓝染色，光镜下统计骨吸收陷窝面积；测量抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶活性以及破骨细胞表面NF-κB活化受体mRNA表达量。

Application of ICHA cement in goat lateral tibial plateau compression fracture: The prevalence and degree of fracture subsidence was significantly reduced at the two time-points in the defects treated with ICHA cement compared with those filled with autograft. X-ray show the cement resorbed rapidly. There were no significantly differences in fracture stiffness between the two treatment groups at the two time-points.

ICHA水泥在羊外侧胫骨平台压缩性骨折中的应用：大体观察发现3个月和6个月两个时间点的自体骨组关节面出现塌陷的程度和数量均较骨水泥组严重。X光片示自体骨组3个月时已基本愈合，6个月时完全愈合，骨水泥组3个月时水泥被吸收分割成几块，边缘模糊，6个月时大部分吸收殆尽。

The dart thrower's path defined the transition between flexion and extension rotation of the scaphoid and lunate, and it identified wrist positions at which scaphoid and lunate motion approached zero.

投射过程中的轨迹决定了舟状骨和月骨屈伸和旋转运动，也说明了舟状骨和月骨运动为零的时候腕关节的位置。

The optimal entrance point mostly locate at the root of accessoryprocess which adjacent to the mamillary process from L1 to L4, Theadjustable range of entrance points of the 4 segments almost cover theaccessory process, But at L5, The optimal entrance point is much moreoutside away from the accessory process, just at the middle of thetransverse process and the adjustable range of entrance points islimited.

这与钉尾间距的明显变化相一致，手术时应注意调整螺钉钉尖内偏角度观察椎弓根螺钉进钉点发现内外侧螺钉进钉点与内上、外上螺钉进钉点构成接近矩形的梯形区域，最佳进钉点居于内外进钉点中部。L1到L4最佳进钉点位于副突根部靠近乳突处，随着椎体节段下降，进钉点逐渐移向外侧，L1最佳进钉点基本在副突根部骨嵴内侧缘，L2、L3最佳进钉点基本在副突根部骨嵴上，L4最佳进钉点基本在副突根部骨嵴外侧缘。L1到L4可选进钉点范围几乎均包含副突骨嵴。L5最佳进钉点则明显偏外，多数位于副突根部与横突外端连线的中内1／3。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。