中轴的

Five novel torsion-mirror optical actuators including double-beam thickness differential structure with single torsional axis, double flexible folded-beam structure with single torsional axis, double-beam vertical torsion comb structure with single torsion axis, four-beam differential compound-micromirror structure with double torsional axis and the combined structure of the four basis forms above, are brought forward. All of these devices could be fabricated by the same silicon micromachining process we have developed. The deformation compensation design with local enhancement for the thin torsional beam which is the key structure of these devices is also put forward to improve the reliability. The three-dimension solid model and two-dimension reduced order model of the torsion-mirror optical actuator are established and then the numerical simulations for evaluating the device characteristics of the statics, dynamics, electrostatic field, mechanical and electrostatic coupling, fluid and solid coupling are carried out to optimize the structure design. Furthermore, three optical fibre clamping structures which could be integrated monolithicly are designed and analyzed to improve the optical coupling capability. 4. Three flexible process flows combined with bulk silicon micromachining and surface silicon micromachining are brought forward to fabricate these novel single-crystal silicon or polysilicon torsion-mirror optical actuators by using the same lithography masks for both SOI wafer and regular silicon wafer. A series of important process experiments are carried out to optimize the process parameters and the process flows. Some novel and typical process phenomena which occurred during the microfabrication are analyzed and then the corresponding solutions are put forward. 5. A MEMS dynamic testing system which exploit blur image synthetic technique, stroboscopic image matching technique, stroboscopic mirau microscopic interferometry technique and microscopic laser dopper vibrometer technique is set up to measure three-dimension and six-freedom micro motions of any MEMS devices with nanometer resolution.

在对硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的光机电特性系统地理论研究的基础上提出了硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的结构设计准则。3、提出了单轴双梁厚度差分结构、单轴双柔性折叠梁结构、单轴双梁垂直扭转梳齿结构、双轴四梁差动复合微镜结构以及以上四种基本结构组合后的衍生结构等五种工艺加工技术兼容的新型的硅微机械扭转镜光致动器，对器件关键结构薄厚度、高耐疲劳扭转梁进行了局部加强的变形补偿设计，建立了器件的三维实体模型以及两维降阶模型，对提出的新结构硅微机械扭转镜光致动器进行了系统的静力学、动力学、静电场、力电耦合和流体固体耦合的建模仿真与优化设计，同时设计并分析了三种可实现单芯片集成的弹性光纤定位夹紧结构。4、提出了组合体硅微加工技术与表面硅微加工技术、兼容同一套光刻版图、可分别基于SOI 晶片和普通Si 晶片、适应于制造提出的各种新结构单晶硅和多晶硅硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的三套柔性加工工艺流程，开展了一系列重要工艺步骤的单项工艺试验，对工艺流程与工艺参数进行了优化，针对加工过程中出现的具有普遍意义的典型工艺问题进行了讨论和分析，并提出了解决方法。5、创新性地将模糊图像合成技术、频闪图像匹配技术、频闪Mirau 显微干涉技术与显微激光多普勒测振技术有机结合，建立起了一套周期运动测量与瞬态运动测量相结合、单点运动测量与全视场运动测量相结合、满足不同MEMS 器件各种动态测试要求的集成的MEMS 三维六自由度微运动精密测量系统。

The center of balls in bearing is fixed by the fork of locating sleeve. The cooperation between linkage pin, grip slot of drive axle and ratchet wheel is used to make the drive axle and driven axle rotate in same or different directions for threading or turning back.

本攻丝装置由拨叉定位套上的拨叉将轴承中滚珠的中心固定，利用联动销与主动轴的卡槽和棘轮的配合，实现主动轴与从动轴的同向转动和反向转动，完成丝锥正转攻丝和自动反转退出工件工作。

Three axes are the solemn expression rational axis, reflects human nature green axis, and reflect the ecological science of the water axis, 3 axis in a relatively tight space interrelated cultures, which form a unified whole

三条轴线分别是体现庄重理性的中轴、体现人文自然的绿轴、和体现生态科学的水轴，三条轴线在一个相对紧密的空间内相互联系、互相交融，形成统一整体

3 Axially Symmetric Problems for Space Among spatial problems, if the elasticity body's geometric shape,restraint condition and any external factors are symmetrical in a certain axis(any plane which passes this axis is all symmetrical one),then all stresses,deformations and displacements are symmetrical in this axis.

§8-3 空间轴对称问题在空间问题中，若弹性体的几何形状，约束情况以及所受的外来因素，都对称于某一轴(通过这个轴的任一平面都是对称面)，则所有的应力，形变和位移也对称于这一轴。

In the practical power system operation,the powers of generators and loads are changing constantly,and the state variables e.

实际电力系统运行中，发电机和负荷的功率随时都在变化，发电机中各状态变量和代数变量(交轴、直轴的电压和电流等)分布在一定范围内。

Motibity changed by gear-box in direction and rotate speed is transferred to the blade axis on the right side to drive the blade axis. blade axis'parameter, blade assembling frame and blade assembling means are ascertained. The load and movement of the blade axis are analyzed. And the best blade rotate speed is ascertained. According to the request of no-tillage soil, the appropriate furrow openers are chosen. They are staggered and assembled in two rows .According to the sliding cutting request, the crucial parts of the anti-blocking——the sliding cutting blade, its edge curve is analyzed and designed in principle. The academic curve function is gotten. Combined with working practice and technics request, the blade's figuration parameter is designed, 65Mn is chosen as the material for blades. The working load is analyzed. And the intension of the sliding cutting is analyzed and checked with ANSYS software. At last, the spring rack of the suppress wheal is analyzed in principle. The theory and parameter of designing the spring rack of the suppress wheal. Experiment indicated that the anti-blocking capability of this anti-blocking equipment was excellent.

设计出适合此防堵装置的动力传输方案，动力经变速箱变向变速后从右侧传给刀轴，驱使刀片切割秸秆；确定出了刀轴的参数、刀片的安装结构和安装方法，对刀轴的受力和运动进行了分析，确定出了刀轴最佳转速；根据免耕地的要求，选择恰当的开沟器，并采用双排错位安装的办法，避免了"瓶颈"现象的发生；根据滑切的要求对此防堵装置的关键部件——滑切刀片的刃口曲线进行了理论分析和设计，得到了刀刃的理论曲线方程；结合生产实践及工艺要求，设计出刀片的外形参数，选择65Mn作为刀片的材料；分析和计算了刀片在工作中承受的载荷，运用ANSYS 软件对滑切刀片的强度进行了分析校核；最后对镇压轮的弹簧支架结构进行了理论分析，提出了设计镇压轮弹簧支架的理论和参数依据。

"A slip joint consists of outside splines on one shaft and matching internal splines in the mating hollow shaft , the splines cause the two shaft s to rotate together But permitthe two to move endwise with each other."

伸缩花键由在传动轴上的外花键和与之相连的空心轴中对应的内花键组成。伸缩花键使两轴一起转动，也能使两轴相对移动。

"A slip joint consists of outside splines on one shaft and matching internal splines in the mating hollow shaft, the splines cause the two shafts to rotate together But permitthe two to move endwise with each other."

伸缩花键由在传动轴上的外花键和与之相连的空心轴中对应的内花键组成。伸缩花键使两轴一起转动，也能使两轴相对移动。

Pregnant 50 day onward, FOXC2 mainly expressed in dorsal aorta, arch arteries, archae-endocardium and cells of vertebrae rudiment. The expression of FOXC2 could be seen in cordis great vessels, endocardium, chondrocyte and periost of axial skeleton during pregnant 70 days, and only in primary ossification center of axial skeleton and coronary artery during pregnant 80 day.

孕50天后表达于背主动脉、弓形动脉和原始心脏内膜、锥体雏形细胞；孕70天时，在心脏大血管、心内膜和中轴骨骼的软骨细胞和骨膜细胞表达；孕80天时仅表达于中轴骨骼的骨化中心和冠状动脉。

Two shaft-less roll mounting positions are provided on a rotating turret which positions the full rolls conveniently for unloading and remounting of an empty spindle while the working roll is winding the product.

两个少轴的轴辊的挂载位置是在旋转塔上面，而旋转塔的位置可以方便地将轴辊卸下或在工作中的轴辊吹送产品的同时重新挂载一个空的主轴。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。