中轴的

The gray of seismic phase axis is higher, so we sue the median axis of the surround line of the higher gray as the seismic phase axis and we get the right result.

根据地层反射同相轴灰度值较大这一特性，提取强灰度包络线的中轴作为同相轴的检测追踪结果，得到了正确的同相轴检测结果。

Chapter 2: The vectorial properties of the paraxial beams propagating perpendicular to the optical axis of a uniaxially anisotropic crystal are investigated.

第二章：研究了垂直光轴入射的傍轴光束在单轴晶体中传输的矢量性质。

The PZT plates were polarized in thickness direction. By using the deformation in the plane perpendicular to the direction of polarization, the rotation around Z axis was generated when the torsional vibration around Z axis mode was excited. And the rotation around X axis or Y axis was generated by combining the longitudinal vibration mode and the bending vibtration mode.

利用压电陶瓷在垂直极化方向平面内的变形，激励定子绕Z轴的扭转振动模态，实现转子绕Z轴的转动；激励在定子中固有频率接近、振动方向相垂直的伸缩振动模态和弯曲振动模态，并通过振动的叠加使定子末端质点产生绕X轴或者Y轴的椭圆运动，实现转子绕水平轴的转动。

We report a sponge spicule assemblage from the Lower Cambrian black shales of the Hetang Formation at Xiuning in Anhui Province, South China. Based on morphological differences, the spicules can be divided into 4 types including monaxons, biaxons, triaxons and tetraxons.

本文报道皖南休宁县早寒武世荷塘组黑色页岩中产出的海绵骨针化石组合，这些海绵骨针化石具有较高的丰度和分异度，它们以二轴四射针、T型针、三轴六射针和三轴五射针为主。

The tectonic rocks along the fault zone are composed of cataclastic rocks and mylonites formed in higher, middle and lower temperature. Respectively, both of structural features and rocks have the features of multiple phase's of deformation. The deformation features of main minerals in the high temperature mylonites show that: the quartz has the form of long single crystal and the fabric feature of point maximum near X axis; the feldspar has the form of recrystallization assemblage, They present a high amphibolite-granulite facies with temperature ＞600℃ and depth ＞20km. The deformation features of mylonites formed in middle temperature show that: the quartz has the form of polycrystal banding and the fabric feature of point maximum near Y axis and small circle girdle with Y rotational axis; the feldspar has the form of a coremantle structure, They reflect a high greenschist-lower amphibolite facies with temperature from 400℃ to 600℃ and depth from 15km to 20km.

其中，高温糜棱岩主要矿物变形特征组合为：石英为长矩状或长条状单晶、组构为近X轴的点极密，长石为几乎完全重结晶的集合体，形成温度＞600℃，相当于高角闪岩—麻粒岩相，形成深度＞20km；中温糜棱岩主要矿物变形特征组合为：石英为多晶条带、组构为近Y轴点极密和以Y轴为旋转轴的小圆环带，长石发育核幔结构，形成温度为400～600℃，相当于高绿片岩—低角闪岩相，形成深度为15～20km；低温糜棱岩主要矿物变形特征组合为：石英发育核幔结构、组构特征为近Z轴点极密，长石以碎裂为主，形成温度＜400℃，相当于中低绿片岩相，形成深度为8～12km；碎裂岩则主要代表了地表浅层的变形。

Aiming at the fracture in operation of damageable pump shaft used on locomotive, macroscopic and microscopic analysis of the pattern of fractured cross section in pump shaft is conducted and it is recognized that the fracture is typically caused by combined action of bending and torsion fatigue.

针对机车用水泵轴在使用中容易发生断裂的问题，对水泵轴断口的宏观和细观形貌进行了分析，认为断口为典型的弯扭复合疲劳断口。通过检测水泵轴上装配的齿轮，发现由于齿轮的加工误差过大，在轴的退刀槽根部造成了较大的附加拉应力，最终导致轴的断裂。因此及时消除齿轮的加工误差，同时提高安装精度，是防止此类断裂发生的关键

Hydraulic forces applied on the agitator are simplified as a main moment and a main force on the agitating shaft, Initial decentration of agitator is determined based on the balance standard. The dynamic responses, such as fluctuating bending stresses and dynamic deflections, of the agitating shaft under no-liquid and normal working conditions are studied.

将搅拌器上的流体作用力简化为一个主矩和主矢；为考虑作用在搅拌轴上的惯性力效应，根据平衡精度预设搅拌器的初始偏心；在转子动力学软件ROTOR中建立搅拌轴的梁盘模型，分别计算了搅拌轴在空载和搅拌工况下的动力响应，并进一步讨论了动力响应与工作转速、轴径和轴长的关系。

The integrated mathematic model of solidification is then established, which includes heat transfer, solute transfer, liquid flow and the movement of equiaxial crystals in solidification process.

本文通过两相流理论建立了等轴晶在对流金属液中移动的非稳态数学模型，推导了求解等轴晶在非稳态、非均匀液相流场中非稳态移动的数值表达式，并进一步推导了描述等轴晶在凝固过程中迁移、堆积规律的局部堆积方程式。

In this thesis, agitating shaft is defined as an assembly including shaft and accessories , such as agitators, shaft couplings.

本论文中所指的搅拌轴包括轴本身和随轴转动的附件，如搅拌器、联轴器等。

As for the problems in the experimentation, such as the slow response speed of axes torque control, the disturbance of torque control to position control of throttle lever and the torque fluctuation of axis, solutions had been put forward and proved theoretically.

对于试验过程中出现的以下问题，油门杆高速运动中输入轴力矩控制的响应速度较慢，输入轴力矩控制对油门杆位置控制的扰动，以及输入轴力矩脉动现象，提出了解决方法，并且从理论上加以验证。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。