中轴

Ovary 1-locular and 2 placentas parietal (or 2-locular and placentas axile).

1室的子房和2侧膜胎座(2室的或和中轴胎座)。

Ovary inferior, 3- or 4-locular; ovules 4 per locule, basally pendulous, apically erect, placentation axile.

子房下位，室3或4；胚珠4每室，基部下垂，直立，中轴胎座。

Carpels 2(or 3),± connate or free; ovary subsuperior or semi-inferior, 2(or 3)-loculed with axile placentation or 1-loculed with marginal placentation; ovules many.

心皮2(或3)，多少合生或离生；子房半上位或半下位，2室具中轴胎座或室具边缘胎座式；胚珠很多。

Ovary usually 3-loculed and placentation axile.

子房通常的3室和中轴胎座。

Ovary half inferior, ovoid, 5-celled, apex with dense trichomes; placenta axile, sometimes fleshy in fruit.

子房半下位，卵球形，5室，先端具紧密毛；中轴胎座，在果期有时肉质。

Begonia pulvinifera is similar to B. wangii T. T. Yü, differing in the lower surface of the leaf being pale green; petiole with a reddish brown swollen base; tepals obtuse; tepals of staminate flowers 4; tepals of carpellate flowers 3 and ovary with axile placentation throughout. Begonia pulvinifera also resembles B. cavaleriei Lév., but is distinguishable by the narrower leaf; pulvinate petiole; stipules triangular with apex acuminate or cuspidate; and ovate bracts with apex acute or acuminate.

相似种类有少瓣秋海棠与昌感秋海棠：但本新种叶背面浅绿色，叶柄基部红棕色、膨大，雄花花被片四枚，雌花花被片三枚，花被片先端圆钝，且子房通体具中轴胎座，有别於少瓣秋海棠；此外，新种之托叶三角形，先端渐尖或骤尖，叶身较窄，叶柄基部具叶枕，卵状苞片先端尖或渐尖，明显不同於昌感秋海棠。

Methods The Wistar rats were used as the experimental animal. On the back of each rat, a skin flap, measuring 1.5 cm×6 cm, caudally based, was elevated. Wound edges and the flap bed were separated from the flap itself by a silicone sheet. The VitC, bFGF, Magnesium sulfate and Papaverine were taken in the areas between flap and sheet. With 8 rats in each group, the drug-taken group was as trial group, while the physiological saline group was as control group. On the seventh day after the flap elevation, flap survival length was measured.

以鼠背部中线为中轴，以两侧髂嵴连线为蒂，形成一个1.5cm×6cm的单蒂皮瓣，其全长自皮肌层下与深筋膜游离，下垫置医用硅膜，硅膜以不露出切口，又起到阻隔真皮血运为宜，以小三角针用3-0丝线先缝合皮瓣两侧切口，然后将上述4种药物加入皮瓣与硅膜之间，再缝合皮瓣的头端将维生素C、bFGF、硫酸镁、罂粟碱分别作为实验组，以生理盐水作为空白对照组，每组8只动物，术后单笼喂养7d，取材并检测皮瓣存活的长度。

The social level structure is defined from its basic conception, in-depth meaning and characteristics. The term refers to a functional being and social reality, a unity of physical space and value space as well as connectional and theoretical existence. Viewed from the perspective of political philosophy, the social level structure is a political sovereignty grading or ladder in a state who values the supremacy of sovereignty, penetrating into economic, cultural and social fields, universally forming social relationship. Based on general social structure, social system and political sovereignty, the social level structure is an abstractly summary of social hierarchy which is neither a copy of political structure nor simply addition of economic, cultural and social structure. The social level structure is long hidden but universally existing, deeply affecting and shaping social system, people's life and thinking. Based on the above, the thesis probes the social foundation, evolutional law, fundamental quality, running mechanism, historical function, current significant and the reform necessity.

从社会层级结构概念的基本规定、深层意蕴和性状表现三个方面界定社会层级结构概念，认为社会层级结构既是一种实体性存在和社会现实，也是一种观念性存在和理论构造，是物理空间和意义空间的统一；从政治哲学视野，社会层级结构是在政治国家内部按照权力至上的方式形成的权力级别或权力阶梯，并渗透到经济、文化、社会领域，形成具有普遍性的社会关系体系；它以总体社会结构为依托，以社会制度为外化，以政治权力为中轴；它既不是政治结构的翻版，不是社会阶层结构的别名，也不是经济、文化、社会结构的简单叠加，而是对它们层级性的一种抽象和概括；这种结构长期隐而不显，但却无处不在、无时不有，深深地影响和牢牢地控制着社会制度、人的生活和人的思维方式。

Female inflorescences of 1-7 or more flowers subtended individually or collectively by a cupule formed from numerous fused bracts, arranged individually or in small groups along an axis or at base of an androgynous inflorescence or on a separate axis. Female flower: perianth 1-7 or more; pistil 1; ovary inferior, 3-6(-9)-loculed; style and carpels as many as locules; placentation axile; ovules 2 per locule. Fruit a nut. Seed usually solitary by abortion (but may be more than 1 in Castanea , Castanopsis , Fagus , and Formanodendron ), without endosperm; embryo large.

雌花序有1-7朵花或更多花，聚生一壳斗内，壳斗为多数苞片愈合而成，雌花花被1-7或更多；雌蕊1；子房下位，3-6室(-9)；花柱、子房室和心皮同数中轴胎座每室2胚株果为一坚果种子通常单生（但是可能在Castanea，Castanopsis，Fagus 和Formanodendron里超过1个），没有胚乳；胚大。

A slender prolongation of the receptacle between the carpels as a central axis, as in the fruits of some members of the Umbelliferae and the Geraniaceae.

果瓣柄 Carpophore 花托在两个心皮间的细长延伸，作为中轴，如某些伞形科和牻牛儿苗科植物的果实。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。