中胶层

The results indicate that, during the early storage period under short time treatment with heat air, the activities of amylase and polygalactouronase are effectively decreased; starch content reduction is inhibited; the degradation speed of pectin and the decrease speed of flesh hardness are slowed down, and the release rate of ethylene in fruit is decreased. During the later storage period, the decomposition rate of middle lamella and primary wall of the Li jujube fruit treated with heat air for a short time is delayed, exosmosis of cell contents is inhibited, and the cell structure is protected, so the storage time of Li jujube fruit is prolonged.

结果表明，梨枣采后贮前短时间热处理能有效地降低早期淀粉酶和多聚半乳糖醛酸酶活性，抑制淀粉水解，延缓果胶降解，降低乙烯释放量，延缓果肉硬度下降速度，后期能延缓果肉细胞中胶层和初生壁分解，阻止细胞内含物外渗，保护细胞的结构，从而延长了贮藏保鲜期。

The A238/A440 was less than 0.20, the product rate was 48.91%, colourity was 218.12. The pigment was sensitive to acid , oxidant and Fe2 Cu2. This paper has proved that the pigment maintain stable under protection of glucose, sucrose and lactose. Meanwhile, the pigment showed heat- stability, preserve-stability and high-colored capacity in beverage, frozen foods and milk products.

采用凝胶层析法对栀子黄色素进行精制，原液中的A_(238/)A_(440)降到0.20以下，得率为48.91％，色素色价达到237.64 精制色素的稳定性实验表明：精制后的色素用于面食后没有绿变现象发生；酸性条件下色素的稳定性很差；糖能提高色素的稳定性；氧化剂会使色素褪色；还原剂和防腐剂对色素的稳定性影响不大；Fe~(2+)、Cu~(2+)对色素的稳定性影响较大；色素在饮料、冷冻食品和乳制品中的着色效果良好。

Antibacterial function of body wall was conducted by the following way: microorganism was directly resisted through the change of cuticle, such as incrassation of up-cuticle protuberance and increasing length of micro-floccus in the up-cuticle dissociation surface; exudation function of large granular orthochromatic mucous cells and reticulation mucous cells in the epidermis could be enhanced when the Eisenia fetida was induced by E. coli. Moreover, the mucus that contained compound substance of mucopolysaccharide and protein could make the bactericidal function or dilute the microorganism on the surface of earthworm, which could protect earthworm from invasion of microorganism; the content of neutral mucopolysaccharide of antibacterial function could be increased according with the exudation increment of small granular proteinaceous cells in the epidermis, which could resist bacteria invading into the epidermis of earthworm.

结果表明：蚯蚓的体壁主要是通过以下途径来抗细菌的侵袭：一是通过角质层的变化(如上胶层突起的增厚、上角层游离面中微绒毛的变长等)直接抵抗微生物的入侵；二是增加表皮中大颗粒粘液细胞和网状细胞的分泌功能，分泌出大量含有粘多糖蛋白液体复合物的粘液，在蚯蚓体表对细菌进行稀释或者起到直接杀菌的作用；三是通过增加小颗粒蛋白细胞的分泌作用，在蚯蚓的表皮中分泌出更多的抵抗疾病的中性粘多糖，从而抵抗进入蚯蚓体表内的细菌。

The presence of exocytotic vesicles containing reaction products suggests that pectinase shares the same excretive pathway as that used by cellulase for its delivery into the wall, i.e.

同时果胶酶活性也出现在细胞壁上，尤其是出现在简单或者复杂分枝状的胞间连丝和胞质通道内部或沿着它们附近细胞壁的中胶层分布。

The exact position where pear scab parasite in leaves was pectin layer.The primary injections of V.nashicola to resistant,suspectible and non-host materials were similar,the increasing rate of subcuticular hyphae on suspectible material is far higher than resistant and non-host material,and dead hyphae appeared on resistant and non-host material,which indicated that resistance expressed after hyphae had invaded cuticular.

梨黑星菌在叶片中寄生的具体位置是果胶层。V.nashicola对抗性、易感和非寄主材料的初期侵染相似，当真菌侵入角质层之后，亚角质层菌丝在易感材料中的增长速率远远高于抗性和非寄主材料，并且在抗性和非寄主材料上出现死亡菌丝，这些都表明抗性是在真菌侵入角质层之后表达的。

The influence of recessing in adh es ive layer with high elastic modulus on the peak stress of joint is not evident so that it would improve the actual strength of joint markedly based on the load bearing ability not being affected evidenly . On the other hand , the recessing in the joint with low elastic modulus adh es ive caus es the peak stress es increase evidently that may decrease the nominal and actual strength of the joint markedly .

对胶层和被粘物中应力分布的数值分析结果表明：胶层中的间隙对接头端部的应力分布无明显影响，但对间隙附近的应力峰值影响较大；随着胶粘剂弹性模量的增大，间隙附近的应力峰值有所降低；对于高弹性模量胶粘剂接头，胶层中的间隙对接头的应力峰值无明显影响，在不降低接头名义强度的同时可使得接头的实际强度显著提高；而对于低弹性模量胶粘剂接头，间隙使得接头上的应力峰值明显上升，可能导致接头的名义强度和实际强度显著降低。

Considering the prerequisite of joint non-linearity and glue-line elasto-plasticity,the stress distributions in the glue-line of asymmetrical joint for continuous or gap jointing were analyzed by finite element method and glue-line structure optimization was made.

在考虑接头非线性和胶层弹塑性的前提下，利用有限元方法分析了连续胶层不对称接头和间隙连接不对称接头中胶层内的应力分布情况，并在此基础上对胶层结构进行优化。

The value of the hardness of mung bean decreased as the soaking time increased. On the other hand, the hydration rate constant of mung bean increased, but the equilibrium of the moisture content decreased. Higher temperature could be conducive to reaching an equilibrium of the moisture content and shorten soaking time. On the microstructure, observation soaking could promote mung bean seed coat to absorb water, that might make its spongy mesophyll swell and inner wrinkly structure more smooth . During soaking at 50℃ and 70℃ for two hours, the surface and palisade parenchyma of the mung bean seed coat cracked, and pectic substances of the middle lamella were loss. Because of this, soaking rate could raise and shorten the soaking time.

在硬度测试中，则呈下降趋势；在绿豆吸水特性方面，其吸水速率常数呈增加趋势，而水分平衡常数则呈下降趋势；浸渍温度之提升有助於达到浸渍平衡及缩短浸渍时间；配合绿豆微细构造之观察，种皮会因浸渍、吸水，种皮外表的多角形海绵组织会有膨大情形，内部皱摺状构造则渐趋平滑；在50℃、70℃浸渍二小时，绿豆种皮之表皮、栅状组织会有破裂，海绵组织及中胶层果胶会有流失情形，因而使绿豆之浸渍速度提升与缩短浸渍时间。

Results show that when improving spot pitch in weld bonded joints with high elastic modulus adhesives, stresses in weld spot zone are decreased while stresses and strains at edges of overlap region are increased slightly. For the joints with low elastic modulus adhesives, both stress concentration degree at the weld spot and the shear strain at edges of overlap region are increased with the spot pitch increasing.

结果表明，高弹性模量胶粘剂胶焊接头中，增大焊点间距，焊点区应力减小而搭接区边缘胶层中的应力应变略有增大；低弹性模量胶粘剂胶焊接头中，焊点处应力集中程度和搭接区边缘胶层中的剪应变值都随焊点间距的增加而增大，增加焊点间距，两种接头的胶层断裂强度都将降低。

In this paper, test research have been performed on the two important mechanical properties indicator compressive modulus of elasticity and shear modulus. Numerical simulation has been performed on the base of results of test under the situation uniform and uneven thickness of elastomer layer, which analyze internal stress distribution of the elastomeric bearing, as follows:(1) The traditional test methods of compressive modulus of elasticity test are rather cumbersome and take up experimentalists lots of time. This paper has improved the traditional test methods of compressive modulus of elasticity test, which has collected the holding-load time together to concentrate on holding load. The tests have been performed on different types of bearings, which results show that the results of the improved test method conform to the error range regulated by the standard and can effectively save time for the experimentalists, also eliminate the accumulative error.

本文主要对板式橡胶支座的抗压弹性模量、抗剪弹性模量两个重要力学性能指标进行试验研究，并在试验结果的基础上对均匀胶层厚度和不均匀胶层厚度两种情况进行数值模拟，分析橡胶支座内部应力分布规律，具体内容如下：(1)传统抗压弹性模量试验方法比较繁琐，占用试验人员大量时间，本文对传统抗压弹性模量试验方法进行了改进，将持荷时间集中起来进行集中持荷，通过对不同类型支座进行试验，试验结果表明该改进试验方法所得结果符合标准规定误差范围，为试验人员节省了大量时间，并且还消除了传统方法中的累计误差。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐